A collection of Philippine laws, statutes and codes not included or cited in the main indices of the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Republic Acts : PLEASE CLICK HERE FOR THE LATEST ➔ PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES & CODES REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1606 AN ACT TO PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH, INVENTION AND DEVELOPMENT. Section 1. In order to promote scientific, engineering and technological research, invention, and development, the Government shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Act:
As used in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the phrase "scientific, engineering and technological researchers" refer to those undertaking studies or investigations to acquire or discover new knowledge, principle, process or information relating to science, engineering or technology.chanrobles virtualaw library Sec. 2. The administration of the program provided for in this Act shall be vested in a National Science Board which is hereby created under the Office of the President to be composed of one representative each from the following: the National Research Council of the Philippines to be designated by the Executive Board of said council; the University of the Philippines to be designated by its President; the Science Foundation of the Philippines; the Institute of Science and Technology; the Philippine Association for the Advancement of Science; the Philippine Confederation of Professional Organizations; the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources; the Department of Health; the Department of Commerce and Industry; manufacturing industries; and the National Economic Council to be appointed by the President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments. The presiding officer of the Board shall be appointed by the President from among the above eleven members with the consent of the Commission on Appointments: Provided, That he is not the chairman of any other government board or council. The President shall, upon recommendation of the National Science Board and subject to the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments, appoint an executive director on full-time basis. The National Science Board is authorized to:
Sec. 3. To carry out the provisions of this Act there is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, or from the proceeds of any bond issues authorized by law, beginning for the fiscal year nineteen hundred fifty-seven, the sum of four million five hundred thousand pesos to constitute a special fund to be known as the Scientific, Engineering and Technological Research Fund for the first year and there is hereby appropriated two million three hundred eighty thousand pesos for the second year, and two million two hundred fifty thousand pesos each year for the third, fourth and fifth years: Provided, That any unexpended appropriation for any particular year shall not revert to the General Fund. Any amount in the form of grants, donations or aids that may be received by the Philippine Government for scientific, engineering and technological research, invention, and development, which shall be exempted from all taxes shall also form part of this Fund.chanrobles virtualaw library Sec. 4. The Scientific, Engineering and Technological Research Fund shall be expended by the National Science Board created under Sec. Two, exclusively for the purposes enumerated in Sec. One hereof.chanrobles virtualaw library Sec. 5. The National Science Board shall submit to the President of the Philippines, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, not later than thirty days from the opening of Congress, a yearly report on the progress made on the various projects financed under this Act, the program of projects the Board will undertake the following year, and a financial report on all its operations.chanrobles virtualaw library Sec. 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved: August 23, 1956. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY APPOINTED BY HONORABLE JOSE C. LOCSIN, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT OF THE SENATE OF THE PHILIPPINES RE S. No. 507. In pursuance of the instructions of Senator Jose C. Locsin, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Scientific Advancement, the following research projects on the scientific, engineering and technological research to be undertaken as provided for in S. No. 507 and H. No. 5877 are hereby submitted: I. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER (Appendix A). The College of Engineering of the University of the Philippines will construct an industrial research building and install a textile pilot plant for studies of textiles that may serve the urgent needs of other government agencies engaged in textiles such as the National Development Company. It will establish also two other pilot plants: Pulp and Paper, and Coconut Products and By-Products including fuel.
II. THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FORMERLY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY) (Appendix B). The Institute of Science and Technology has submitted three important projects, namely, (a) the rehabilitation and expansion of its Scientific Library and improvement and expansion of present laboratory facilities, equipment and personnel, (b) electro-metallurgical laboratory, and (c) ceramics pilot plant.
III. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY (IN COOPERATION WITH THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE NATIONAL MUSEUM) (Appendix C).
IV. THE SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF THE PHILIPPINES (IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL EDUCATION BOARD) (Appendix D.)
V. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE IN COOPERATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES) (Appendix E.) Three most important research projects:
The following are the three projects that might by included under general grants-in-aid of research:
VI. INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION (Appendix F.) The following estimates of two different projects of the Institute of Nutrition were submitted:
VII. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH LABORATORIES (Appendix G.) The following are the main projects and estimates of the Department of Health Public Health Research Laboratories:
VIII. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINES (Appendix H).
Complying with the suggestion of the Honorable Jose C. Locsin, an amount of P350,000 is proposed to be allocated for general grants-in-aid of research to take care of some other projects, such as some medical science projects, leather processing, fisheries, virus problems in plants, heterosis in coconut, rat control, social science projects, zoological, botanical and other biological problems, many others that were submitted without estimates and the employment of some foreign scientists. The summary of estimates of all the research projects are given in Table I. (See attached) By direction of the Honorable Jose C. Locsin, certain proposed amendments introduced in S. No. 507 are embodied in Appendix I. The Committee respectfully invites the attention of the Committee on Scientific Advancement of the Senate of the Philippines to the fact that in addition to the estimates for the different projects herein enumerated, part of the scientific, engineering and technological research fund shall be expanded in the administration and in carrying out the other provisions of S. No. 507. Immediately after the hearing before the Committee on Scientific Advancement of the Senate of the Philippines called by Senator Locsin and held in his Office on May 30, 1956, the Senator appointed the following as members of a Committee of Scientists and Technical Men to present concrete research projects envisaged in S. No. 507.
The members of the Committee after the adjournment of the hearing, unanimously elected Dr. Juan Salcedo, Jr. as Chairman and Dean Patrocinio Valenzuela as Secretary of the Committee, respectively. It was agreed to have a meeting where all projects will be presented and discussed at 4:00 P.M. June 2 to be followed at 4:00 P.M. June 4 to prepare a report to Senator Locsin. The Committee met on June 2 at the Institute of Science and Technology Advisory Board Room from 4:00 P.M. to 7:30 P.M. It met again at the National Research Council of the Philippines Office in Diliman on June 4, from 4:00 P.M. to 6:15 P.M. The Committee had a hearing with Senator Locsin at his Office on the morning of June 6, after which the preliminary report was returned to the Committee for further study and modification. The Committee met in the afternoon of June 6, from 4:00 to 7:30 P.M. at the Office of the National Research Council of the Philippines and prepared this report. The Chairman and the Secretary of this Committee met again on Friday, June 8, from 10:00 to 11:45 A.M. to finalize this report. The Chairman, the Secretary and Dr. Ramiro conferred with Senator Locsin on Monday, June 11, 1956, from 10:40 to 11:40 A.M. The report underwent minor changes in the draft of S. No. 507 on the suggestions of the Senator. Very respectfully submitted: For the Committee of Scientists and Technical Men Appointed by Senator Jose C. Locsin: (Sgd.)JUAN SALCEDO, Jr. June 12, 1956 APPENDIX "A" COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING'S REQUEST FOR RESEARCH FUNDS The College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, hereby petitions for a total grant of 4,445,300 pesos to support the research activities of the University of the Philippines Industrial Research Center for six years for the construction of an Industrial Research Building and for the following pilot plants: (a) textile (b) pulp and paper and (c) coconut products and by-products including fuel. During the first year there will be established a textile pilot plant which will use up about P500,000. Simultaneously, a research center building, costing about P500,000, will be constructed. The remaining P200,000 will be used for financing the ordinary but expanded activities of the University of the Philippines Industrial Research Center as well as the training phase for developing research engineers and technicians and research administrators. The estimate of the cost of the textile pilot plant is based on two sources: namely, extensive correspondence with a European textile expert (in ramie) and prices obtained from American sources. These two sources yielded totals of the same order of magnitude. Copies of these bases are hereto attached together with the "Foreword to Textile Pilot Plant Project." The Research Center Building will be used to house the following items.
The Contracts drawing for this proposed building was completed half a year ago. FOREWORD TO TEXTILE PILOT PLANT PROJECT The Philippines imports yearly more than 75 million dollars worth of textiles and fabrics. The development of a textile Industry in the Philippines cannot be achieved to the full benefit to the Filipinos without research undertaken by Filipinos for the Filipinos. "Full benefit to the Filipinos" is intended to include:
The financing support coming from this bill is intended to be used by the UPIRC for attacking the textile industry development problem with the use of the best tools, most modern equipment and highest quality services of available talents that our pesos can buy anywhere on earth. Such tools, equipment and services shall also be utilized for training young researches and technicians and researchers. This proposal is for combined textile research, testing, and teaching facilities to be built on the grounds of the University of the Philippines in Diliman and to be operated under the direction of the President and Dean of Engineering of the University. There will be four principal divisions of the activities:
TEXTILE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY College of Engineering, U.P. Contract Services
Peso Costs
Excerpts from PPA proposed:
SUGGESTED LIST OF APPARATI AND EQUIPMENTS College of Engineering, U.P.
FIBER TESTING
YARN TESTING
FABRIC TESTING
CHEMICAL TESTING
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
DEGUMMING
COTTON SPINNING
WEAVING
LEHOL TRADING CO.P.O. Box 988, Schlosstr. 59 Stuttgart, Germany
Messrs. T.J. WOLFF & CO., INC. P.O. Box No. 920 Manila, Philippines Re: Plant for Processing Ramie Cloth University of the Philippines Dear Sirs, Further to our letter No. 4920 dated 18th January, 1956 we may inform that we have today had the visit of Dr. Theodor Hoefer of Sabadell, Spain, who has come to Germany for negotiating with a Brazilian businessman who intends to put up a factory for Ramie yarn and possible also cloth for which he invited the assistance of Dr. Hoefer. Dr. Hoefer will be in Germany for about 10-14 days visiting various factories with the gentleman from Brazil. He told us that should the Brazilian project mature and should he decide to participate in it his journey to Manila and his collaboration in eventually taking up and setting into operation the plant projected by the University of the Philippines would of course then be practically be impossible. Since he does not speak Portuguese but speaks English as well as Spanish he would personally prefer to go to Manila instead of Brazil. For this reason he promised to delay his decision with regard to Brazil hoping that the University of the Philippines and possibly the Philippine Government will soon decide whether to employ his services or not. We discussed with Dr. Hoefer the contents of your letter dated 14th December and he said that the processing of Ramie is not at all delicate but that the factories employed on processing this material all together about 12 in the whole thing with a secret and made a mystery of it in order to maintain their monopoly. Dr. Hoefer agreed that were only a few experts on the processing of Ramie who were all more or less firmly employed by one of the few manufacturers. As to his position his contract in Spain has expired some time ago but he agreed to continue his activities on a gentlemen agreement as long as his services were required. The fact, however, that he had now gone on a fortnight's journey to Germany made it almost impossible for him to go on early journey to Manila unless the University of the Philippines or the Philippine Government made a definite decision in favor of employing him. We may also inform you that he demands a salary corresponding with regard to cost of living to the amount of DM 5,000 which he could earn in Germany per month. Of course, such a salary would have to be seen in relation to the intended production. At present D. Hoefer is technical director of a Spanish factory producing Ramie yarn which is being passed on to a weaving mill for processing into cloth and he mentioned that Ramie Cloth is very similar to linen cloth. Therefore, every linen weaving mill could also work on Ramie Yarn. Dr. Hoefer in an expert on the processing of the raw Ramie fibre into Ramie yarn and appears to have a fair idea of weaving. Should, however, a weaving mill be also projected in connection with the Ramie processing plant he would prefer to have a weaving specialist to assist him on the job. For Ramie yarn the same type of weaving loom may be used as for linen. He expects that the same looms can also be employed for hemp. But there he is not absolutely sure. With our letter No. 4752 dated 23rd December 1955 we gave you an estimate and we are now handling you attached a new estimate submitted by Dr. Hoefer which is based on a somewhat different procedure making the whole process cheaper and reducing the daily production. In this case the circulaire combing fram would be left out with the result of also saving labor. We also discussed with Dr. Hoefer the investment required for an economical plant to be put up on the Philippines for eventually producing cloth for the local market. He suggested that such an economical plant would produce about 400 kilos of yarn per day in 2 shifts. The machinery equipment would come to something like US-$130,000 to US-$150,000 with auxiliary machines, workshop equipment, spinning pots, spinning sleeves etc. amounting to about another 20 per cent of the cost of the machinery. The weaving of the 400 kilos of yarn in 2 shifts per day would require looms, total cost of which he estimated at something like US-$35,000 to 45,000. This is a very rough estimate which may, however, enable you to find out whether a party interested in the production of Ramie cloth for the sale in the Philippines could eventually be found. It was, of course, impossible for Dr. Hoefer to estimate the consumption of Ramie cloth in the Philippines but he suggested that this could easily found out from the Philippine imports from Japan. The larger the production could be the cheaper in the comparison will be the whole equipment. It may interest you that the relation between yarn and cloth is about 100:90, respectively 95, depending on the quality of the fibre. All prices mentioned are to be understood f.o.b. German seaport and are without any obligation on our part. Dr. Hoefer who is 62 years old has projected and installed two Ramie yarn factories in Germany before he went to Spain after the last war. He appears to be competent in this line and left us 3 addresses for reference purposes which we should make use of in case the University of the Philippines or the Philippine Government are definitely interested in employing his services. Dr. Hoefer expects to pay us another visit on about 10 days time before returning to Spain. Should you be able to come to some decision before that time you might give us your cable advice so that we could continue negotiations with him before he leaves Germany again. Trusting that the above information will be found of interest and anticipating your further news on this matter we are. Yours very truly,
Translation of letter written by Dr. Teodor Hoefer to Messrs. Lehol Trading Co. Ramie Factory for the Philippines
NEW PROPOSALS FOR RAMIE YARN PRODUCTION Submitted by Dr. Theodor Hoefer (Jan. 14th, 1956)
The above alternative proposal under item 2 means a saving of wages (abt. 50%) and a saving in the service, power consumption and repair as compared to the first proposal (our letter No. 4752) since the machinery equipment of the new proposal is simpler. PULP AND PAPER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Objective Determine the economic value of manufacturing paper from agricultural wastes such as rice straw, cogon grass, abaca waste, etc., and develop a simple pulping process which may be used by people in the rural areas. Justification Most of the paper we used worth millions of dollars are imported. Conversion of some of our agricultural wastes mentioned above into useful products will help save our dollar reserve. Development of a simple pulping procedure which may be adapted in the rural districts will give employment to barrio people, help increase their earning capacity, and elevate their standard of living. Estimated Expenditures
Remarks: This estimate excludes following materials and charges Materials.
Charges:
Price. These prices are open for acceptance for a period of 20 days from the date of our quotation, after which they will be subject to our confirmation. Payment. A sight draft or drafts to be drawn on buyer against each shipment under a confirmed irrevocable and without recourse letter of credit. The L/C is to be opened in favour of us within 20 days from the date of contract. Currency. U. S. Dollar. Delivery. Shipment shall be made within 5 months after receipt of your letter of credit. Remarks. (1) The prices herein mentioned in U.S. Dollar are based on the present official conversion rate of Japanese Yen 359.20 to US $ 1. subject to an adjustment by a changed official conversion rate at the time of closing contract, if the rate changes in the interval.
E. & O.E. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES The Coconut Products and By-Products pilot plant contrasts from the textile or paper plants in the sense that it is a multiradial project, by which is meant that in the latter's, various sources are made into papers or fabrics whereas in the former a variety of products are derived from the one single source (the coconut). This situation involves one aspect which is critical in the coconut pilot plant; namely, the coordination and utilization of the many attempts both successful or unsuccessful that have been undertaken both by the government agencies, such as NACOCO or PHILCOA or NDC as well as achievements and failures of various individual investigators and inventors. In other words, problems of utilization of coconut products and by-products can be grouped into the one problem of utilizing Filipino manpower together with what they have already discovered and/or invented as well as processes yet to be discovered and developed. The University of the Philippines Industrial Research Center (UPIRC) is proposing the undertaking of this project believing that it will succeed but realizing that it is a long term project or perhaps a project that will last as long as there are coconut plantations in the Philippines. There are standard machines available in the market that may be made part of the equipment of this pilot plant. However, a large portion of the equipment will have to be tailor-made; that is, designed and manufactured by our shops. In any case, quotations on prices of standard machines are not in our possession in view of the fact that this project was assigned to the University of the Philippines Industrial Research Center only yesterday. As for the tailor-made equipment, their designs cannot be made without results from bench scale tests, which we could not have performed since the assignment of this project. However, it should be stated here that the UPIRC is at present conducting an investigation for PHILCOA on the problem of producing briquetted fuel and acetic acid from coconut husks. But this is only a small part of the projected pilot plant. However, we are positive that this project involves much more money than the textile project. Therefore the amount of P470,000 nearly equal to that to be allocated to the textile pilot plant project is hereby requested in the first year. Every year thereafter for five years P25,000 is being requested. APPENDIX "B" INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY I. REHABILITATION AND EXPANSION OF THE SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY The Scientific Library of the pre-war Bureau of Science, now Institute of Science and Technology, was considered, long before its complete devastation by war operations in 1945, as the richest and most complete collection of scientific and technical periodicals outside Europe and the United States. Its value as a tool of scientific research and activity was enhanced through its excellent indexing services, expert service staff, and adequate operating equipment. It was truly the Mecca of the pre-war scientists and technologists of the country as practically no scientific investigation of any consequence was ever concluded without first consulting the Scientific Library for some data on or clues to certain phases of such an investigation. On the basis of its wealth of technical information and data and its superior service, the library contributed its full share to the scientific and technological progress of the country during the first forty years of the present century. The complete destruction of the Scientific Library collection in 1945 deprived science and industry from the handy fountainhead of technical knowledge essential to the adequate planning and vigorous and economical prosecution of scientific research and technological development. It is said that its loss set back scientific activities no less than fifty years. The validity of this research-vigor retarding statement has been widely felt among the local scientific workers despite the Herculean effort that the new or post-war Scientific Library has been putting into gathering a fresh scientific reference collection. Through practically insurmountable financial difficulties the Library has, during the post-liberation years, acquired largely through goodwill and international cooperation a fair nucleus of what is hoped to be a worthy replica, if not a complete replacement, of the helpful and widely-known and used pre-war reservoir of technical knowledge. But on the basis of experience and prevailing financial circumstances, the Library can catch up with the highly dynamic present day scientific progress, and thus afford the local scientific workers with the necessary background knowledge of technical development, only through a special financial aid for even its nominal rehabilitation. For this much needed restoration to a level on which it could be of more fruitful service to science and industry, the Scientific Library is in urgent need of at least sufficient funds for a period of five years as follows: 1. First year:
2. For each succeeding year for five years:
2. IMPROVEMENT AND EXPANSION OF PRESENT LABORATORY FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL
3. ORE DRESSING, CHEMICAL SEPARATION PYRO-METALURRGY
4. CERAMIC PROJECT Objective. This project is for the rehabilitation of the ceramic laboratory in the Institute of Science and Technology which was completely destroyed during the liberation of the City of Manila in 1945. Justification. Ceramic products are used in the establishment and operation of other important industries. The Philippines has plenty of various ceramic materials that may be used and processed to substitute for the imported ones. The Institute of Science and Technology, before the war, had a ceramic section that studied various local deposits. This study led to the establishment of million-dollar industries like the San Miguel Glass Factory and the Ceramic Industries of the Philippines. They manufacture bottles of various kinds, roofing tiles, hollow blocks and construction brisks. After the war, the ceramic section of the Institute of Science and Technology was partly reorganized with very inadequate facilities. Studies made so far on local ceramic raw materials resulted in the establishment of three (3) manufacturing companies. These are (1) International Glass and Ceramic Manufacturing Company; (2) Apalit Manufacturing Company; and (3) Fil-Hispano Ceramic Company. There are plenty of ceramic deposits that are still to be studied so as to determine their ceramic possibilities. Some of these studies include the Manufacture of special glasses, glazed tiles, local dinnerwares, stonewares, refractories, inorganic colors for paints, abrassives, and other allied products. The following is the break up of the amount requested:
APPENDIX "C" UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS FROM PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines In collaboration with Bureaus and other Agencies of the Government The industrial development of drugs from Philippine medicinal plants constitutes one of the important phases of the industrialization program of the government. Realizing its importance, several foreign manufacturing concerns have established their laboratories in the Philippines. However, most of the materials used are also imported. To be able to develop a major phase of this industry, it is necessary to investigate our Philippine medicinal plants to enable us to use local materials instead of imported drugs. The researches involved in this project is a coordinated one which include mainly the services of botanists and pharmacognosists, plant chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, manufacturing pharmacists, synthetic pharmaceutical chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians. The pharmacological and clinical studies shall be undertaken with the collaboration of the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
APPENDIX "D" SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF THE PHILIPPINES PROJECT TO INCREASE SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG STUDENTS AND THE PUBLIC IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL EDUCATION BOARD I. This project aims to create greater consciousness among students from the primary to the university grades and among the general public on the importance of science and scientific research and development in the solution of the present economic and social problems of the country as well as in many individual, family and community problems of the Filipino people. II. The fundamental objectives of education as stated in the Master Educational Plan of the National Board of Education contains the following:
The objectives enumerated in the above Master Educational Plan are not at present being adequately implemented because of the usual lack of funds allocated to the Department of Education by the government. III. This project aims to aid the implementation of the above objectives so that when the students and the general public shall have acquired sufficient consciousness to the point of belief and conviction on the importance of science and scientific research and development they shall out of their own violation request and urge the government to give greater emphasis on science and scientific development in the national program of the government. IV. The Director of Public Schools, Mr. Venancio Trinidad, was asked to comment on this project and he referred the latter to Mrs. Lucrecia B. Soriano, Superintendent on Science, who submitted the following comments attached in this memorandum. (Appendix A) V. With the assistance of Mrs. Soriano the following breakdown of the expenses to be incurred during the first year and the succeeding four years per year of the implementation of this project was prepared. Briefly, the project calls for the following:
The plan calls for the establishment of Regional Science Center and Head Office. * Of this amount, the sum of P50,000 is transferred to general grants-in-aid under the National Research Council of the Philippines. STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY MRS. LUCRECIA B. SORIANO
Justification of the project: The country is presently faced with grave problems of government, of industry, and of education. The administration is committed to the amelioration of the life of the people especially those in the rural areas through the wise solution of such problems and the ultimate improvement of governmental, industrial and educational services. Just how successful and fast such improvement can be arrived at will depend upon the amount of effort exerted by our own countrymen and support given by our government to identify and harness our technological and scientific resources and potentialities both human and material. Scientists are trained, not born. The challenge therefore is the provision of opportunities for the development of science consciousness among the people, especially the youth in the schools, and a desire among the latter to pursue scientific careers. With the youth now in schools lies the future progress and development of this country. It is the duty of this generation to prepare the young people for such a responsibility through the full utilization of their intellectual capacities by means of a rich program of science education. There is no gainsaying the fact that we are far behind other nations in this respect. What are being done along this line at present: The public schools offer science either as a separate subject or integrated with social studies in all of the elementary grades and in the first and third year high school. Although one of the main objectives of these courses is the opening up of avenues of interest toward science, it is felt that not much has been done mainly because of the dearth of materials, equipment, and facilities for effective science work in the schools. During the last few years, however, sensitizing the school system to the technological advances in modern society, the science work in the schools has been given impetus thru sciences seminars and workshops where problems of instruction have been threshed out. Last year, a national science competition under the auspices of the public schools stimulated the construction and use of scientific equipment and the undertaking of scientific projects. There is still much more to be done. What can be done for further implementation:
What are being done in the United States:
* Of this amount, the sum of P50,000 is transferred to general grants-in-aid under the National Research Council of the Philippines. BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES FOR THE FIRST YEAR
For subsequent years deduct Item II except C & D. * Of this amount, the sum of P50,000 is transferred to general grants-in-aid under the National Research Council of the Philippines. APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT FOR ONE SCIENCE REGIONAL CENTER Science Laboratory Equipment and testing instruments (for aptitude, intelligence, etc.)
APPENDIX "E" AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH The College of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources will undertake research on rice and corn breeding which is considered of paramount importance. The other two main projects are (a) those dealing with the improvement of coffee and cacao varieties and control of their diseases and (b) the improvement of livestock and poultry.
The following are the three projects that might be included under general grants-in-aid of research:
APPENDIX "F" REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION Padre Faura Street Manila RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION OUTLINE
EXPLANATORY NOTE This request for additional funds over and above the existing appropriations for the Institute of Nutrition stems from the insufficiency of the funds amounting to _214,829 for the present fiscal year, which means 0.976 centavo per caput per annum to support necessary and indispensable researches and other activities which are fundamental towards the growth and development of practical national, regional and provincial nutrition programs which will bolster, the social, economic and political policies of the present administration. Hereunder are proposed priority projects calculated to achieve (at an accelerated rate) the goals and objectives of the Institute of Nutrition as stated in the following statutes under which the Institute of Nutrition operates: Sec. 30 of Executive Order No. 94, dated October 4, 1947 "Shall advise, guide, and give suggestions towards a coordination of all experimental work, objectives, and results of nutritional experiments being undertaken by the different units of the Government and by all private organizations: shall foster and encourage harmonious cooperation among the said units, private institutions and other organizations engaged in various activities in order to promote a national nutrition program; and shall seek close adherence to, and correlated execution of, the said program after its approval by the President." Administrative Order No. 81, dated January 25, 1949 "To conduct researches and investigations in the applied science of food and nutrition, and to engage in other activities tending to bring about the amelioration of the nutrition of the masses of our people, in addition to the powers and functions vested in said institute by existing law." Republic Act No. 832, dated August 14, 1952 "AN ACT TO REGULATE THE SALE, EXCHANGE, OR DELIVERY OF HOME POUNDED, UNDERMILLED, MILLED OR POLISHED RICE, AND PROVIDING PENALTY FOR VIOLATION THEREOF." It may be stated that an estimate of the economic loss to this country in 1954 just from three (3) major public health problems intimately related with the nutritional status of the people, namely: tuberculosis, beriberi and malaria amounts to the astounding figure of P1,186,280,644 or close to the overall proposed budgetary requirement of the Philippines for Fiscal Year 1956-1957 which is quoted at 1.3 billion pesos. (See attached.) In view of the unique position occupied by nutrition in the health and welfare of our people and its role in the social, economic and political development of this nation, it is earnestly requested that this request for additional funds for the Institute of Nutrition for the following projects be granted:
EXPLANATORY NOTE Tuberculosis (Figures and estimates supplied by the National Chest Center and Sec. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Bureau of Health for 1954)
Beriberi (Figures and estimates made by Bureau of Health, Philippine General Hospital, and the Institute of Nutrition).
Malaria (From Progress Report of the Division of Malaria, Department of Health) and Bureau of Health 1954
Rice Enrichment Program
FIRST PROJECT. Intensification of Nutrition Researches I. LABORATORY: STUDIES ON AMINO ACIDS OF PROTEIN FOODS USING MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS A. Objectives: To determine quantitatively the amino acid content of local foods, especially those of plant origin with high protein values. Each food will be analyzed for essential and some non-essential amino acids using microbiological methods of assay. B. Justification: It is an accepted fact that plant protein though less expensive are of an inferior quality when compared with those from animal sources. However, if we have the correct food combinations with the right proportion of essential amino acids, the result is a high quality protein. If the amino acid content of foods is known, it will be possible to devise combinations of these foods so that the required amount of essential amino acids can be supplied. It will also be possible to find plant food combinations that can supplement and/or substitute for the more expensive animal food. The microbiological method is based upon the observation that certain micro-organisms require amino acid in addition to other nutrients for growth. Its advantages over the chemical method are (1) it is applicable to a wider variety of materials; (2) it is well adapted to the simultaneous assay of materials containing small amounts of amino acids; (3) it is not influenced by the presence of biologically inactive material occurring naturally or produced during extraction. C. Manner of Approach: The food plants which have a high protein value will be analyzed for 8 essential and 2 non-essential amino acids. Animal foods will also be analyzed so that we can have a basis for the preparation of food supplements and substitutes for expensive foods or those which are not available for everybody. One laboratory technician is needed in this study to assist the biochemist in all the laboratory work and the calculation of results. When no amino acid work is being done the services of the technician can be used in the routine work in the laboratory. D. Personnel Requirements: 1 Laboratory Technician P2,400 per annum ANIMAL STUDIES A. Objectives To determine the biologic value of our protein food like our local pulses, nuts and seeds; to determine the availability of food nutrients like calcium, iron and carotene from local vegetables and fruits; and to test the nutritional value of some of our unusual foodstuffs. B. Justification: Although quantitative determination of various food nutrients in food have been made using chemical, physical, spectrophotometric and micro-biological methods of assay and the data obtained from these methods are of practical value in solving many of the problems in foods and nutrition, there are instances where biological assays are the best method of getting a most reliable data. This is especially true in determining the quality of protein foods, biologic activity of vitamins and availability of minerals from food. C. Manner of Approach: Metabolism studies, growth experiments and curative methods shall be used in ascertaining availability of minerals, biologic value of proteins and biologic activity of vitamins. The laboratory shall try to raise its own colony of white albino rats. As much as possible, these animals shall be maintained on diets prepared from local foods. The facilities of the Foods and Nutritional Biochemistry laboratory of the Institute of Nutrition shall be used in the analysis of foods and biochemical samples necessary for this project. The biochemist shall plan (with the help of the Chief and other senior members of the Foods and Nutritional Biochemistry Division) and supervise and/or execute nutrition studies made in the animal laboratory. The laboratory helper shall assist in the preparation of diets, weighing of experimental animals, feeding of the animals, but principally the helper shall have the responsibility of keeping the animal laboratory and its premises clean. D. Personnel Requirements:
HUMAN REQUIREMENT STUDIES A. Objectives: To determine the minimum amount of food nutrients (nitrogen, calcium, iron and vitamin A required by adult men for maintenance. B. Justification: To date no studies have been made on the minimum requirements of Filipinos. There is a great possibility that nutrient requirements of Filipinos are different from those of other people. (e.g., Americans, British), particularly when the differences in dietary make-up are considered. Data on minimum requirements, from which allowance figures may be obtained, will provide a "yardstick" by which dietaries can be evaluated and goals for national food production can be determined. C. Manner of Approach: Adult Filipinos (male and female) of normal health will be used as subjects of these studies. Inasmuch as these studies require a careful control of the food intake, and the collection of body secretions, it is planned that the subjects be confined in a hospital ward for the duration of the study. If necessary and to get a good cooperation, the subjects shall be given a minimum daily pay of P4. It is estimated that the subjects will be confined for about two months during the year; however, this length of time will be very variable depending especially on how long it will take a subject to be depleted. This study will be conducted by the personnel of the Foods and Nutritional Biochemistry Division. The services of a dietitian from the Recipe and Menu Testing Division will be needed during the time the subject's food intake is under control. A laboratory helper will be appointed to take charge of the collection of the biological samples like urine, feces, etc. This helper will, in addition, work in the Food Laboratory and in the Micro-Chemical Laboratory by cleaning glassware and other equipment used during analyses. Because of the increased number of analyses anticipated, the services of such a helper becomes necessary. D. Personnel Requirements: 1 Laboratory Helper P1,440.00 per annum II. NUTRITION CLINIC: A. Objectives:
B. Justification: The important role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of most diseases is now being given due recognition. However, although the average physician realizes that modern scientific nutrition is a useful branch of medicine, he often gives too little attention to the application of the fundamental principles of nutrition. This may partly be due to the fact that the medical schools have been slow in incorporating the science of nutrition within the medical discipline. The nutrition clinic was created to fill the need for a center where the physician and the patient could be given advice on their dietary problems. The number of consultations given at the clinic has been increasing every year. It is envisioned to affiliate the clinic with a general hospital, now that the pilot project has proven its worth. By so doing, the clinic in addition to rendering service, could likewise be in a better position to conduct research studies. The advance of nutrition, particularly in the laboratory, has been tremendous. However, there is a wide gap that remains unexplored between the laboratory and the practical application to man. The clinic hopes to help narrow down this gap. C. Manner of Approach: The Nutrition Clinic will have three sections:
These three sections will each be under the supervision and responsibility of a Medical Nutritionist who will take the medical history, examine the patient clinically and prescribe for him the necessary dietary treatment. Each section will have a Clinic Nutritionist who will take the dietary history of the patient and translate to him the physician's dietary prescription in terms of food allowed and to be avoided, amount of food servings he may take, and how he prepare them to do him the most good. The main source of patients will be the hospital to which the Clinic will be affiliated, but other outside patients may be referred to them or may present themselves for treatment. It is envisioned that proper arrangements could be made with the affiliated hospital for an experimental word for research purposes of the clinic. In addition, the nutrition clinic will, as at present, serve as a training center for students and health workers undergoing training in nutrition. For proper follow-up of the cases and for giving any necessary adjunct treatments (such as injection of vitamins), a nurse-social worker will be employed. Research studies being conducted at present are being hampered by lack of facilities for follow-up. In most cases, as soon as the patient improves, he no longer feels the need be report back to the clinic, so that such an improvement is not recorded in his chart. Correspondence often fail to elicit any report. With a personnel to go to the patients home to check him up, we can expect a more complete study of the case. D. Personnel Requirements:
III. RECIPE AND MENU TESTING DIVISION A. Objectives:
B. Justification: It is recognized that a nutrition program to be truly effective must be planned in the light of the needs and resources of the community. The Recipe and Menu Testing Division aims to expand its research activities along this line and to assume leadership in the promotion of nutrition programs in various institutions and organizations. Investigations and researches in various institutions will determine existing nutrition problems in the dietary or food service departments. The data obtained becomes a good working basis for improving dietary management in these institutions. Surveys of food service in lunchrooms or cafeterias in schools bring the need for study on recipe and portion control to meet the low purchasing power of the student population. Such a study generally lead to serving of adequate meals, minimum cost, economy in buying and improved methods of food purchasing and food preparation to conserve nutritive value of the meals and the use of eye appeal in food arrangement and service. Date compiled from results of the investigations and researches in institutions are used effectively in giving technical assistance and guidance in mass feeding such as has been given to the National and international camping activities of both the Boy Scouts and the Girl Scouts of the Philippines. Missionaries and religious groups. Meal plans for 2,000 and more have been prepared by the Institute of Nutrition. The formulation of specific dietary allowances of food plans for individuals of various age, sex and activity groups are generally based on the fact-finding dietary surveys. Methods and techniques of food preparation have to be studied in the light of newer knowledge on conservation of food nutrients in relation to common practices used in Filipino homes. C. Manner of Approach: The present appropriation of the Institute of Nutrition provides for only 4 Home Economists in this division. To be able to carry out various activities planned, it is proposed to have the following additional personnel:
C. Manner of Approach: The Philippines will be divided into eight regions as in Project 11. Data on the type and distribution of specific deficiency diseases and prevalence of factors contributing to the presence of poor nutritional status (such as chronic infections*) will be collected by a mobile survey team with the cooperation of local health officials and the nutritionists of the areas concerned. The members of the survey team will be composed of the personal enumerated below with their duties:
D. Personnel Requirements:
PERSONNEL
EQUIPMENT
SUMMARY
APPENDIX "G" DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH LABORATORIES I. Antibiotic Research. (In cooperation with the Bureau of Soil Conservation, College of Agriculture and College of Pharmacy, U.P.) Objective. To survey samples of soils from different parts of the Philippines for culture of microorganisms that may possess antibiotic properties. Justification. Two antibiotics have been already isolated from soil samples from the Philippines. One, Ilocytin, had been successfully tried and already in the market. Another is still under trial with great promise. There is all the possibilities that our rich microbiological flora will yield other organisms possessing more potent antibiotics not only against those organisms now affected by the already discovered antibiotics but also against others just as important, like parasitic organisms of the skin, lungs, intestines, etc. or other organisms with properties that counteract the allergic effects of antibiotics now in use. Funds. To carry out this project an outlay of P250,000 may be provided for to be spent at the rate of P50,000 a year. Benefit. The outcome of these projects may provide a national income from royalties that may be derived from the discovery of other useful antibiotics that may offset the annual expenditures of more than P8,000,000,000 the Philippines had to pay for importing various antibiotics now used by the Filipinos. The effort will develop technological skill and know-how on the process of isolation, extraction, and purification and assay of antibiotics which can be passed on to students and technological assistants. A pilot plant for the manufacture of antibiotics may be set up later for the demonstration of processing antibiotics and for training of more workers interested in antibiotic research. II. Research on Tetanus Toxoid Objective. To immunize the entire population massively against tetanus. Justification. For the last five years there are an average reported cases of 2,640 persons stricken with tetanus out of which 1,471 died. Tetanus is a very preventable disease. It is necessary and possible to reduce the incidence of tetanus or entirely eradicate it by massive immunization of the population with tetanus toxoid. The Project. In order to reach, by immunization, all age levels of population without introducing a separate immunization program, this research aims to combine the tetanus toxoid with the cholera-dysentery-typhoid vaccine. The latter vaccine is a widely accepted immunizing substance and the public welcomes its yearly administration. The idea is to combine the tetanus toxoid without increasing the bulk of the total vaccine. The subsequent yearly injection will serve as a booster dose for the tetanus toxoid. The advantages to be derived from this combination is that immunization with four kinds of vaccine combined will not inconvenience the public any more than the ordinary yearly C.D.T. injection and immunization against the four major diseases can be simultaneously accomplished. If the mortality to tetanus is 1,471 yearly and the life of a person on the very conservative estimate is placed at P3,000 then the amount of (1,471 x P3,000) = P4,413,000 will be saved yearly by this procedure. If the cost of treatment by injection of antitetanic serum is estimated at, say 60,000 units or P60,000 a day for an average of 14 days duration of active treatment = P840,000 per patient. By multiplying P840,000 by the average number of cases yearly which is 2,640 the total expenses per year on antitetanic serum saved will be P21,873,600,000. This will represent savings from the government since tetanus is a quarantinable infectious disease and usually treated under government supervision and expense. The substitution of toxoid immunization to antitoxin preventive injection after each injury will save the government yearly around P143,000 the annual cost of producing tetanus antitoxin for preventive purposes. All in all the yearly savings to the Philippines will be P21,878,156,000. Funds. To carry out this project it is proposed to request P250,000 to be spent at the rate of P50,000 annually for five years. III. Research on Human rabies immune plasma Objective. To check on the efficacy of human rabies immune plasma in persons stricken with hydrophobia. Justification. Up to this time all persons suffering from hydrophobia were condemned to die. There are on the average of 265 cases of hydrophobia annually in the Philippines. Recently, a case diagnosed as hydrophobia was reported cured by the intravenous injection of dehydrated plasma prepared from blood of persons who have had a complete immunization series of antirabies vaccine. The project will consist in immunizing volunteers or hired persons to undergo the complete series of immunization and 6 weeks after the last injection, be bled about 250-300 cc. of blood. The plasma will be separated and dehydrated. This dried plasma will be stored for use for definitely diagnosed hydrophobia cases. If sufficient plasma will be available some will be subjected to fractionation to determine the protein fraction that holds most of the rabies antibodies. This specific portion will be isolated to produce a refined and concentrated preparation to produce a more efficient product. Funds for this project is estimated at P250,000 to be spent P50,000 yearly. This will be spent mostly on hired donors at the rate of P50 to P75 each, since it will not be always possible to induce people to be subjected to 25 injections and give their blood afterwards. The benefit to be derived, if successful, is evident. It will save 265 lives annually. In terms of peso at a conservative estimate of P3,000 per life it will mean a yearly amount of 265 x 3,000 = P795,000 plus the earning ability of these saved persons during the rest of their lives. It will also free the people's mind from the fear of accidental dog bite and the hazards of the same to the life of the bitten person. IV. Research on Plasma Expanders Objective. To survey local sources of plasma substitutes using materials available locally. Justification. One of the important plasma expanders so far found is dextran. Dextran is processed from sugar thru action of microorganisms. There is excess supply of sugar in this country from which dextran can be processed. At present we have to limited in the use of plasma because there is not enough blood procured from human donors to supply even the demand for whole blood. By making available plasma expanders, better and efficient medical help can be extended to those that need this material. The project will consist in subjecting cane sugar to the fermentative action of microorganisms to convert it into dextran, a polysaccharide of high molecular weight. The latter will then be processed to lower its molecular weight to the level of that of the plasma so that it will have the same viccosity and colloid-osmotic pressure equivalent suitable for intravenous use to restore blood volume. Funds. An outlay of about P50,000 to be spent at the rate of P10,000 yearly for five years, is estimated to be sufficient. The benefit to be derived from this work will be incalculable judging from the fact that many cases of loss of blood, due to accidents, burns and acute diseases, cannot be properly attended to because of lack of whole human blood or human plasma due to limited number of volunteer donors available in the Philippines. If this is true in peace time, this situation will be multiplied a thousand fold during wartime when war casualties among civilians, especially in an atomic war, cannot be anything else but enermous and unpredictable. V. Research on preparations of plasma fraction and gamma globulins. Objective. To study preparations of the different protein fractions of the plasma and isolation of gamma globulins from the human placenta. Justification. The different protein components in the plasma are finding more specific uses not in different infectious diseases, especially those not amenable to antibiotics or drug therapy. This project aims to study the different fractions especially the globulins in the therapy of some of the acute infectious diseases especially of viral etiology, either to mollify the acute symptoms to lessen fatalities, or, if possible, to use it as preventive. The preparation of gamma globulin from placental tissue material, of which we have in abundance can be a rich source of this product. Funds to support this project. An outlay of P25,000 to be spent at the rate of P5,000 yearly for five years is estimated sufficient for this purpose. Benefit. The product can be used as prevention or to alleviate the acute symptoms and/or prevent development of complications in such acute diseases as measles, poliomyeletis, typhoid fever and others. APPENDIX "H" NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINES General Grants-in-Aid The purpose of an allocating the amount of P350,000 every year for a period of five years for the general grants-in-aid of research is to take care of a number of research projects, such as some medical science projects, leather processing, fisheries, virus problems in plants, heterosis in coconut, rat control, social science projects, zoological, botanical and other biological problems, many others that were submitted without estimates, and the employment of some foreign scientists. TABLE I. Estimated expenditures submitted by the various agencies for their respective projects
NOTE: The above estimates do not include a number of research projects submitted without financial requirements as well as other expenses, such as the administration, attendance of Philippine delegates to the international and national scientific conferences and congresses abroad, the holding of international and national conferences and congresses in the Philippines and the carrying out of the other provisions of S.B. 507. |