Why is my dog panting and wont stop?

Almost all dog lovers know why their furry friends pant after taking a stroll in the stifling Texas summer heat, but have you ever wondered why panting is the primary way our canine companions cool down? Or why they only sweat through their paws and noses? And have you ever asked why your dog would start panting in the middle of the night for no reason? If you said yes to any of the above questions, keep reading.

Índice Show

What Is Panting?
Pain and Anxiety-Induced Panting
Disease-Related Panting
How To Identify Panting
References:
7 reasons why your dog may be panting and restless
1. Heart disease
2. Respiratory disease
3. Anxiety and fear
4. Canine cognitive dysfunction
6. Cushing’s disease
7. Acute or chronic pain
If your dog is panting and restless, talk with your vet
Have you ever noticed a slight change in your senior dog’s behavior that exposed a more serious underlying condition?
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What Is Panting?

Panting is a key mechanism for heat reduction. The movement of air during panting is strictly limited to the upper airway, which ends where the trachea (windpipe) begins branching. As a result, cool outside air absorbs heat from the body during panting and allows for evaporation of saliva in the mouth and airway, thus slowly lowering body temperature1 (Goldberg et al., 1981). Panting is an inefficient way to cool down, especially in the stifling heat so common in Texas. A primary reason panting is inefficient is because dogs evolved to retain as much of their body heat as possible, which is the main reason why dogs only sweat through their paw pads and noses.

Pain and Anxiety-Induced Panting

If your dog is randomly panting in the middle of the night in your perfectly air-conditioned home, what could possibly cause such a behavior? The three most common reasons for panting when there is not an obvious temperature-related cause are from pain, anxiety and disease.

When dogs show signs of stress or pain like during a Texas summer thunderstorm or from aching joints, their bodies rapidly increase cortisol production, leading to excessive panting. Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glandsendocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol that is helpful in dealing with normal amounts of stress. Under usual circumstances, cortisol is helpful in regulating metabolism, salt and water balance and blood sugar, just to name a few functions. If produced in excess, the additional cortisol will increase metabolism, thus leading to an internal rise in body temperature and excessive panting2 (Dresche and Granger, 2005). Any source of stress, fear or pain for your dog can cause the same effect. In addition to elevations in cortisol, medications such as prednisone that mimic cortisol can cause panting as well.

In cases of disease, any process that causes an increase in the respiratory rate (number of breaths per minute) often will give the appearance of panting once breathing is rapid enough. Such disease processes include heart failure, lung ailments and metabolic abnormalities just to name a few. One disease that increases cortisol levels is Cushing’s disease. Not only will dogs affected with this condition experience excess panting but they also will develop a pot-bellied appearance, have excessive thirst and urination, and their skin and coat will look unthrifty.

How To Identify Panting

The best way to know if your dog is experiencing panting or rapid breathing is to first know the normal breathing rate, which at rest is between 10 to 40 breaths per minute. If at any point you are unsure if the breathing is abnormal, call your veterinarian.

Whenever you see your four-legged family member starting to pant, remember that it could be a possible sign of discomfort, overheating or disease. Your veterinarian can provide insight on why your dog may pant with no obvious explanation, so be sure to discuss any questions about panting during your next visit with your other family doctor.

References:

1. Goldberg, Marcia B.; Langman, V.A.; Taylor, Richard C. “Panting in Dogs: Paths of Airflow in Response to Heat and Exercise.” Rspiration Physiology. March 1981, Vol 43, Issue 3, 327-338.

2. Dresche, Nancy A. and Douglas A. Granger. “Physiological and Behavioral Reactivity to Stress in Thunderstorm-Phobic Dogs and Their Caregivers.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science. December 2005, Volume 95, Issues 3-4, 153-168.

Tyler Foreman, DVM, is a graduate of Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine who lives in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Foreman practices at Rowlett Veterinary Clinic in Rowlett.

Panting is one of the ways your dog regulates his body temperature —and the good news is that most of the time, it’s completely normal canine behavior. However, excessive panting, or panting without an obvious reason, may indicate something more is going on. Dr. Julie Buzby, integrative veterinarian and founder of Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips®, shares seven reasons why your dog might be panting and restless—reasons too important for you to ignore.

If you share your heart and home with a senior dog, this scenario—or some version of it—may be familiar to you:

You and your dog have just spent a lovely day outside—while you gardened, he nosed around the yard and napped in the sunshine. Later, as you’re getting ready for bed, you notice that he’s panting. Is he excited? Hot? Thirsty? The house (and weather forecast) are quiet and peaceful. The thermostat reads seventy degrees. And his water bowl is full of fresh water.

You help him settle down and tuck him in for the night. But once the lights are off, you hear him pacing the floors. He’s restless, plus, he’s panting again. “What’s going on with him?” you ask—worry filling your mind.

If you’re like most senior dog owners, you tend to find any change in your dog’s behavior worrisome. And chances are, your instincts are right. Because you know your dog so well, it’s important to trust your gut and dig deeper to find out what’s behind any changes you notice. Often this starts with a call to your veterinarian to determine if an office visit and exam are warranted.

And if your beloved senior dog seems out-of-sorts—panting, pacing, and restless—read on to see if any of his behaviors line up with one of these common and concerning causes.

7 reasons why your dog may be panting and restless

Remember that dogs aren’t able to sweat to dissipate excess heat. Instead, they pant. Panting is the primary way that dogs regulate their body temperature—the steamy air from their lungs is replaced with colder air, and in that process, evaporative cooling occurs.

However, a dog who is panting, pacing, and restless may have something else going on. Let’s explore the seven most common reasons:

1. Heart disease

Excessive panting can be a symptom of problems with your dog’s primary organ system. You may also notice him coughing occasionally or breathing heavily after a casual walk or exercise.

The heart plays an extremely important role in delivering oxygen to the rest of the body. When that process is hindered, your dog’s heart can’t pump effectively which means his body doesn’t get the oxygen it needs to perform routine processes. Valve disorders, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and heartworm disease in dogs are all examples of illnesses that can affect the heart’s ability to do its job properly.

Your veterinarian can often detect heart murmurs or arrhythmias just by listening to your dog’s chest. Just another reason regular check-ups are so important.

2. Respiratory disease

Respiratory disease makes it difficult for the body to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream as well as to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from circulation.

Diseases like tracheal collapse and laryngeal paralysis often affect the respiratory tracts of senior dogs.

Tracheal collapse causes the windpipe (a.k.a. the trachea) to narrow; you might notice that your dog has a cough that worsens when he’s excited. This condition is most common in small-breed dogs.
With laryngeal paralysis, there is a problem with the nerves that open and close the larynx, the entry to the windpipe. Occurring mostly in large-breed dogs, “lar par” can cause a “roaring” sound when they breathe. After light exercise, it is difficult for dogs with laryngeal paralysis to cool off because they cannot pant efficiently. This can results in dangerously high body temperatures.

3. Anxiety and fear

Like you and me, dogs experience anxiety and fear. Unpleasant sights and sounds act as triggers, and a dog’s response to these triggers can be pretty dramatic.

For example, sudden loud sounds such as fireworks cause many dogs to tuck tail, run, and look for a safe place to hide. Others may stay around but shake and tremble. Some dogs exhibit more subtle signs, including:

panting
pacing or restlessness
frequent yawning
averting their eyes
licking their lips

Anxiety and phobias can be difficult to treat without identifying the cause. Once the cause is identified, the next step is to reduce or eliminate it. In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend the use of prescription anti-anxiety medications or calming products such as pheromone diffusers or calming treats and diets.

If you’ve ever lived through a thunderstorm with a dog who has T-storm (noise) phobia, you’ve witnessed firsthand that heavy panting can be a sign of stress and anxiety.

4. Canine cognitive dysfunction

Canine cognitive dysfunction, or CCD, refers to the gradual onset of dementia-like signs in senior dogs due to changes within the brain. These changes affect a dog’s behavior, motor function, and memory, and can be associated with panting. CCD is most likely to occur in dogs who are more than ten years old. Sadly, dogs with CCD are often confused, have a disrupted sleep-wake cycle, and may seem to get ” lost” in their own homes.

One of the most common signs of CCD is frequent pacing, especially during the night. Dubbed “sundowner syndrome,” the condition by the same name also occurs in senior humans.

Other clinical signs include:

not responding when called (after deafness has been ruled out)
accidents in the house
restlessness and difficulty settling into sleep
disorientation and getting “stuck” in places in the home
personality and other behavioral changes

Although there is no cure for CCD, there are treatment options including medications, supplements, and strategies for behavior modification.

For more information about CCD in senior dogs, please see Managing Canine Cognitive Dysfunction: Signs, Symptoms, Solutions.

5. Anemia

Dogs who are anemic don’t have enough red blood cells in their bloodstream. These dogs often pant and are restless because their internal organs aren’t getting enough oxygen and the brain is demanding more.

Anemia has many causes, including blood loss due to external or internal bleeding; illnesses such as hemolytic anemia, which occurs when red blood cells rupture after being attacked by the immune system; and diseases of the bone marrow, such as genetic illnesses or cancer, which cause fewer red blood cells to be produced.

Dogs with anemia tend to be lethargic and may lose their appetite and appear nauseous. If there’s internal bleeding, particularly in the abdomen, the dog will also be in pain—another cause of excessive panting.

To confirm that your dog is anemic, your veterinarian will perform routine blood work and may also recommend special blood and urine tests, X-rays, and an ultrasound. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. Antibiotics treat anemia caused by an infection, whereas a variety of medications treat immune-mediated anemias, including immunosuppressive drugs. If injury or hemorrhage is the cause of the anemia, your dog needs treatment right away—sometimes with emergency surgery. If the anemia is severe, your dog may also need a blood transfusion.

A dog who has an elevated respiratory rate as a result of anemia will also have pale gums. Learn your dog’s normal baseline gum color by looking at his mucous membranes. I’ll show you how in my article: Keeping a Pulse on Your Dog’s Vital Signs.

6. Cushing’s disease

Like humans, dogs have numerous glands that release hormones to send messages to other parts of the body. To help with the “fight or flight” response, the pituitary gland in the brain releases a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that makes its way down to the adrenal glands. In response, the adrenals produce numerous substances, including cortisol, designed to help your dog deal with the perceived threat. Cortisol also has other important functions including the regulation of blood sugar levels and metabolism.

Too much cortisol in the bloodstream causes Cushing’s disease, a condition known as hyperadrenocorticism. It is most common in middle-aged and older dogs and another concerning reason why your dog may be panting and restless.

There are a few reasons a dog may develop Cushing’s disease. A tumor on the pituitary gland will cause an increase in the release of ACTH; thus, adrenals are constantly being signaled to release more cortisol. Tumors can also develop on the adrenal glands themselves, also resulting in excess cortisol release. Additionally, long-term use of an oral steroid such as prednisone can provoke Cushing’s, as this type of steroid mimics cortisol.

The most common clinical signs of Cushing’s disease are excessive panting, increased thirst and urination, increased appetite, and a pot-bellied appearance. Abnormalities on routine blood and urine testing can also be suggestive of Cushing’s, especially when clinical signs are present. Special blood tests, such as a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) or an ACTH stimulation test, may be recommended to help reach a more definitive diagnosis.

The treatment plan depends on the root cause of Cushing’s. Adrenal tumors may require surgery, while pituitary-dependent cases can show improvement with an oral medication like trilostane (brand name: Vetoryl).

Cushing’s disease is very common among senior dogs, and excessive panting is one of the hallmarks of the disease.

7. Acute or chronic pain

Arthritis, surgery, and injury are just a few of the causes of pain in dogs. Some signs are obvious (limping, for example), while others—panting, restlessness, and hiding—are more subtle. A dog who jumps down from a deck or porch, and then starts to limp is exhibiting a sign of acute (sudden onset) pain, while dogs with arthritis or old injuries can have chronic pain that affects them intermittently.

It’s important to know the signs of pain in dogs, and to seek help for your dog if you see them. Elevated heart rate and elevated respiratory rate (panting) are classic and objective measures of pain in dogs.

An important note: Don’t give your dog your own pain medications. Most are human non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—NSAIDS—which are not safe for use with dogs.

If your dog is panting and restless, talk with your vet

Here’s the big takeaway on panting and restlessness in senior dogs: unless it’s transient and occasional, it’s not normal. The causes are numerous and varied, but all of them need to be addressed.

If you have questions, please ask your veterinarian. He or she is an integral part of your dog’s healthcare team and the perfect resource to help you unravel the mystery of why your dog is panting and restless.

A crucial note: If your dog is having trouble breathing, if his gum/tongue color is greyish or bluish instead of pink, or if his resting respiratory rate is greater than 60 breaths per minute, seek veterinary care immediately.

One acute condition which often presents with panting and restlessness and is a true, life-threatening emergency is gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) known more commonly as bloat. To learn more, see Bloat in Dogs: When Every Second Counts.