Show By Acharya Tankeshwar • Updated: 08/09/22 • 3 min read 
Answer Key for MCQ Microbiology:
Hello, thank you for visiting my blog. I am Tankeshwar Acharya. Blogging is my passion. As an asst. professor, I am teaching microbiology and immunology to medical and nursing students at PAHS, Nepal. I have been working as a microbiologist at Patan hospital for more than 10 years. Infections and diseases may be caused by different types of organisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses, etc., in humans and animals. The drug used to prevent the pathogenicity of microorganisms is called an antimicrobial agent. Examples: Antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Let us look at some antimicrobial agents and their types with examples. Antimicrobial agents are used to preventing infections and diseases caused by pathogens. Different types of antimicrobial drugs are commonly available. These are as follows:
Recommended VideosAntibioticsAntibiotics are the substances which are derived from one microorganism in order to kill another microorganism. Antibiotics are effective against bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. But, antibiotics are not helpful against viral infections. The development of chemical synthesis has helped to produce the synthetic components which act as an antimicrobial agent against the pathogenic bacteria. These synthetic components are also called as antibiotics. Pathogenic bacteria can be killed by synthetic components at low concentrations. Examples: Ampicillin and amoxicillin. In 1908, a German bacteriologist, Paul Ehrlich developed a synthetic component from an arsenic-based structure for the treatment of syphilis, which is called as arsphenamine or salvarsan. Then, in 1929, Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum. Penicillin is used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Two types of antibiotics are commonly available. These are as follows:
Depending on the spectrum of action, antibiotics are further classified into three types. These are as follows:
Antiseptics and DisinfectantsAntiseptics and disinfectants are the chemical components which are used as antimicrobial agents. Antiseptics are applied to the injured tissues, cuts, and infected skin surfaces. Antiseptics are not prescribed to be taken orally. A few examples are given below:
Disinfectants are used to destroy the pathogenic microorganisms in the non-living objects such as floors and drainage systems. Example: Chlorine and sulphur dioxide at low concentration. Antimicrobial Agents UsesThe use of antimicrobial agents as highly specific inhibitors has in turn substantially assisted the investigation of complex biochemical processes. While different forms of antimicrobials have been in use for decades, more customers have become aware of antimicrobial treatments for floor coverings in the past forty or so years. Several forms of antimicrobials marketed to the carpet industry by different firms have been found to contain bacteria and fungi. From a scientific point of view, the carpet systems use three simple chemical compositions. These are organometallics, organo-silanes, and organometallics. They can also be paired with each other.
Antimicrobial agent, any one of a wide variety of chemical compounds and physical agents used to destroy or prevent micro-organisms from developing. In the early 1940s, the production and use of the antibiotic penicillin became the basis for the modern antimicrobial therapy era.
Antimicrobial agents kill bacteria depending on the type of bacteria, by different methods. Most antiseptics and disinfectants kill bacteria immediately by causing the bacterial cell to explode or by consuming bacterial resources by preventing bacterial multiplication, they are known as bacterial conjugation.
Antimicrobials are agents that kill or prevent micro-organism development such as spores, bacteria, or protozoa. Drugs that use antimicrobials may either kill harmful microbes or prevent their growth.
Disinfectants contain additives that destroy germs if surfaces are free of hard dust. Disinfectant or antibacterial cleaners contain dirt removal ingredients as well as infection killer antimicrobial ingredients. The kitchen bleach disinfects according to the instructions on the bottle as applied.
Most antiseptics and disinfectants kill bacteria immediately by causing the bacterial cell to explode or by consuming bacterial resources by preventing bacterial multiplication, they are known as bacterial conjugation. This first step, which is achieved in a sequence of stages, destroys bacteria through antimicrobial polymers.
At the cellular level, antimicrobials work to constantly inhibit and deter microorganisms from developing. Antimicrobials secure consumer items like counter tops, toys, surface coatings, textiles and medical supplies by creating an inhospitable atmosphere for microorganisms such as bacteria, mould and mildew.
An antimicrobial is an agent that destroys, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms. It is possible to organise antimicrobial drugs according to the microorganisms in which they function primarily. Antibiotics are used against bacteria, for instance, and antifungals against fungi are used. We have thus seen this basic introduction of antimicrobial agents. For the complete understanding of the topic, please visit our site or download BYJU’S – The Learning App.
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