What will US population be in 2050?

Population projections are attempts to show how the human population statistics might change in the future.[1] These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being.[2] Models of population growth take trends in human development, and apply projections into the future.[3] These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality, and thus population growth.[3]

The 2019 projections from the United Nations Population Division (made before the COVID-19 pandemic) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.1% in 1968, has since dropped to 1.1%, and could drop even further to 0.1% by 2100, which would be a growth rate not seen since pre-industrial revolution days.[4] Based on this, the UN Population Division projects the world population, which is 7.8 billion as of 2020[update], to level out around 2100 at 10.9 billion (the median line),[5][6] assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.9 in 2095–2100, according to the medium-variant projection.[7] A 2014 projection has the population continuing to grow into the next century.[8]

However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful implementation of education and family planning goals in the Sustainable Development Goals) which could result in peak population during the 2060-2070 period rather than later.[3][9]

According to the UN, about two-thirds of the predicted growth in population between 2020 and 2050 will take place in Africa.[10] It is projected that 50% of births in the 5-year period 2095-2100 will be in Africa.[11] Other organizations project lower levels of population growth in Africa based particularly on improvement in women's education and successfully implementing family planning.[12]

By 2100, the UN projects the population in Sub-Saharan Africa will reach 3.8 billion, IHME projects 3.1 billion, and IIASA is the lowest at 2.6 billion. In contrast to the UN projections, the models of fertility developed by IHME and IIASA incorporate women's educational attainment, and in the case of IHME, also assume successful implementation of family planning.[13]

Because of population momentum the global population will continue to grow, although at a steadily slower rate, for the remainder of this century, but the main driver of long-term future population growth will be the evolution of the global average fertility rate.[7]

The United Nation's Population Division publishes high & low estimates (by gender) & density.

Walter Greiling projected in the 1950s that world population would reach a peak of about nine billion, in the 21st century, and then stop growing after a readjustment of the Third World and a sanitation of the tropics.[15]

Estimates published in the 2000s tended to predict that the population of Earth would stop increasing around 2070.[16] In a 2004 long-term prospective report, the United Nations Population Division projected the world population would peak at 7.85 billion in 2075. After reaching this maximum, it would decline slightly and then resume a slow increase, reaching a level of 5.11 billion by 2300, about the same as the projected 2050 figure.[17]

This prediction was revised in the 2010s, to the effect that no maximum will likely be reached in the 21st century.[18] The main reason for the revision was that the ongoing rapid population growth in Africa had been underestimated. A 2014 paper by demographers from several universities and the United Nations Population Division forecast that the world's population would reach about 10.9 billion in 2100 and continue growing thereafter.[8] In 2017 the UN predicted a decline of global population growth rate from +1.0% in 2020 to +0.5% in 2050 and to +0.1% in 2100.[19]

Jørgen Randers, one of the authors of the seminal 1972 long-term simulations in The Limits to Growth, offered an alternative scenario in a 2012 book, arguing that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" predicts a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline.[20]

The population of a country or area grows or declines through the interaction of three demographic drivers: fertility, mortality, and migration.[2]

Fertility

Fertility is expressed as the total fertility rate (TFR), a measure of the number of children on average that a woman will bear in her lifetime. With longevity trending towards uniform and stable values worldwide, the main driver of future population growth will be the evolution of the fertility rate.[7]

Where fertility is high, demographers generally assume that fertility will decline and eventually stabilize at about two children per woman.[2]

During the period 2015–2020, the average world fertility rate was 2.5 children per woman,[7] about half the level in 1950-1955 (5 children per woman). In the medium variant, global fertility is projected to decline further to 2.2 in 2045-2050 and to 1.9 in 2095–2100.[7]

Mortality

If the mortality rate is relatively high and the resulting life expectancy is therefore relatively low, changes in mortality can have a material impact on population growth. Where the mortality rate is low and life expectancy has therefore risen, a change in mortality will have much less of an effect.[2]

Because child mortality has declined substantially over the last several decades,[2] global life expectancy at birth, which is estimated to have risen from 47 years in 1950–1955 to 67 years in 2000–2005,[21] is expected to keep rising to reach 77 years in 2045–2050.[22] In the more Developed regions, the projected increase is from 79 years today[21] to 83 years by mid-century.[22] Among the Least Developed countries, where life expectancy today is just under 65 years,[21] it is expected to be 71 years in 2045–2050.[22]

The population of 31 countries or areas, including Ukraine, Romania, Japan and most of the successor states of the Soviet Union, is expected to be lower in 2050 than in 2005.

Migration

Main article: International migration

Migration can have a significant effect on population change. Global South-South migration accounts for 38% of total migration, and Global South-North for 34%.[23] For example, the United Nations reports that during the period 2010–2020, fourteen countries will have seen a net inflow of more than one million migrants, while ten countries will have seen a net outflow of similar proportions. The largest migratory outflows have been in response to demand for workers in other countries (Bangladesh, Nepal and the Philippines) or to insecurity in the home country (Myanmar, Syria and Venezuela). Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Russian Federation, Serbia and Ukraine have experienced a net inflow of migrants over the decade, helping to offset population losses caused by a negative natural increase (births minus deaths).[24]

The median scenario of the UN 2019 World Population Prospects[25] predicts the following populations per region in 2050 (compared to population in 2000), in billions:

After 2050

Projections of population reaching more than one generation into the future are highly speculative: Thus, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs report of 2004 projected the world population to peak at 9.22 billion in 2075 and then stabilise at a value close to 9 billion;[26] By contrast, a 2014 projection by the United Nations Population Division predicted a population close to 11 billion by 2100 without any declining trend in the foreseeable future.[8]

United Nations projections

The UN Population Division report of 2019 projects world population to continue growing, although at a steadily decreasing rate, and to reach 10.9 billion in 2100 with a growth rate at that time of close to zero.[25]

This projected growth of population, like all others, depends on assumptions about vital rates. For example, the UN Population Division assumes that Total fertility rate (TFR) will continue to decline, at varying paces depending on circumstances in individual regions, to a below-replacement level of 1.9 by 2100. Between now (2020) and 2100, regions with TFR currently below this rate, e.g. Europe, will see TFR rise.  Regions with TFR above this rate, will see TFR continue to decline.[7]  

Other projections

• A 2020 study published by The Lancet from researchers funded by the Global Burden of Disease Study promotes a lower growth scenario, projecting that world population will peak in 2064 at 9.7 billion and then decline to 8.8 billion in 2100. This projection assumes further advancement of women's rights globally. In this case TFR is assumed to decline more rapidly than the UN's projection, to reach 1.7 in 2100.[27]
• An analysis from the Wittgenstein Center IIASA predicts global population to peak in 2070 at 9.4 billion and then decline to 9.0 billion in 2100.[28]
• The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the Insurance Institute of South Africa (IIASA) project lower fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2100 than the UN. By 2100, the UN projects the population in SSA will reach 3.8 billion, IHME projects 3.1 billion, and IIASA projects 2.6 billion. IHME and IIASA incorporate women's educational attainment in their models of fertility, and in the case of IHME, also consider met need for family planning.[12]

Other assumptions can produce other results.  Some of the authors of the 2004 UN report assumed that life expectancy would rise slowly and continuously. The projections in the report assume this with no upper limit, though at a slowing pace depending on circumstances in individual countries. By 2100, the report assumed life expectancy to be from 66 to 97 years, and by 2300 from 87 to 106 years, depending on the country. Based on that assumption, they expect that rising life expectancy will produce small but continuing population growth by the end of the projections, ranging from 0.03 to 0.07 percent annually. The hypothetical feasibility (and wide availability) of life extension by technological means would further contribute to long term (beyond 2100) population growth.[29][30][31]

Evolutionary biology also suggests the demographic transition may reverse itself and global population may continue to grow in the long term.[32] In addition, recent evidence suggests birth rates may be rising in the 21st century in the developed world.[33]

The table below shows that from 2020 to 2050, the bulk of the world's population growth is predicted to take place in Africa: of the additional 1.9 billion people projected between 2020 and 2050, 1.2 billion will be added in Africa, 0.7 billion in Asia and zero in the rest of the world. Africa's share of global population is projected to grow from 17% in 2020 to 26% in 2050 and 39% by 2100, while the share of Asia will fall from 59% in 2020 to 55% in 2050 and 43% in 2100.[25][10] The strong growth of the African population will happen regardless of the rate of decrease of fertility, because of the exceptional proportion of young people already living today. For example, the UN projects that the population of Nigeria will surpass that of the United States by about 2050.[6]

Thus the population of the More Developed regions is slated to remain mostly unchanged, at 1.3 billion for the remainder of the 21st century. All population growth comes from the Less Developed regions.[25][34]

The table below breaks out the UN's future population growth predictions by region[10]

The UN projects that between 2020 and 2100 there will be declines in population growth in all six regions; that by 2100 three of them will be undergoing population decline, and the world will have reached zero population growth.

See also: List of countries by past and projected future population

The UN Population Division has calculated the future population of the world's countries, based on current demographic trends. Current (2020) world population is 7.8 billion. The 2019 report projects world population in 2050 to be 9.7 billion people, and possibly as high as 11 billion by the next century, with the following estimates for the top 14 countries in 2020, 2050, and 2100:[25]

From 2017 to 2050, the nine highlighted countries are expected to account for half of the world's projected population increase: India, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, the United States, Uganda, and Indonesia, listed according to the expected size of their contribution to that projected population growth.[24]

Large urban areas are hubs of economic development and innovation, with larger cities underpinning regional economies and local and global sustainability initiatives. Currently, 757 million humans live in the 101 largest cities;[35] these cities are home to 11% of the world's population.[35] By the end of the century, the world population is projected to grow, with estimates ranging from 6.9 billion to 13.1 billion;[35] the percentage of people living in the 101 largest cities is estimated to be 15% to 23%.[35]

The following 101 metropolitan areas with the largest population projections for the years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 are listed below.[35]

• Population projection
• Population growth
• Estimates of historical world population
• Human overpopulation
• Pledge two or fewer (campaign for smaller families)
• List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate
• List of countries by number of births

1. ^ "Population Projections". United States Census Bureau.
2. ^ a b c d e Kaneda, Toshiko (June 2014). "Understanding Population Projections: Assumptions Behind the Numbers" (PDF). Population Reference Bureau.
3. ^ a b c Roser, Max (2013-05-09). "Future Population Growth". Our World in Data.
4. ^ Roser, Max (June 18, 2019). "Two centuries of rapid global population growth will come to an end". Our World in Data.
5. ^ "World Population Prospects 2019". United Nations, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs. 2019.
6. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2019, Population Data, File: Total Population Both Sexes, Medium Variant tab". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
7. ^ a b c d e f "World Population Prospects 2019, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, File: Total Fertility". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
8. ^ a b c Gerland, P.; Raftery, A. E.; Ev Ikova, H.; Li, N.; Gu, D.; Spoorenberg, T.; Alkema, L.; Fosdick, B. K.; Chunn, J.; Lalic, N.; Bay, G.; Buettner, T.; Heilig, G. K.; Wilmoth, J. (September 14, 2014). "World population stabilization unlikely this century". Science. AAAS. 346 (6206): 234–7. Bibcode:2014Sci...346..234G. doi:10.1126/science.1257469. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 4230924. PMID 25301627.
9. ^ Vollset, Stein Emil; Goren, Emily; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Cao, Jackie; Smith, Amanda E.; Hsiao, Thomas; Bisignano, Catherine; Azhar, Gulrez S.; Castro, Emma; Chalek, Julian; Dolgert, Andrew J. (2020-10-17). "Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study". The Lancet. 396 (10258): 1285–1306. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7561721. PMID 32679112.
10. ^ a b c "World Population Prospects 2019, Population Data, File: Population Growth Rate, Median Variant tab". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
11. ^ "World's Population is Projected to Nearly Stop Growing by the end of the Century". June 17, 2019.
12. ^ a b Kaneda, Toshiko; Falk, Marissa; Patierno, Kaitlyn (March 27, 2021). "Understanding and Comparing Population Projections in Sub-Saharan Africa". Population Reference Bureau.
13. ^ "Understanding and Comparing Population Projections in Sub-Saharan Africa". Population Reference Bureau.
14. ^ "United Nations, Population Division, World Population Prospects, 2019 Revision, (Medium Variant)".
15. ^ Walter Grieling: Wie werden wir leben? ("How are we going to live?") Econ publishers, Munich 1954
16. ^ Ciro Pabón y Ciro Pabón, Manual de Urbanismo, Editorial Leyer, Bogotá, 2007, ISBN 978-958-711-296-2
17. ^ World Population to 2300. 2004. ISBN 9789211514018.
18. ^ "World Population Prospects 2105, Archive, File: 2015 Revision". United Nations Population Division. 2015.
19. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2017, Archive, File: 2017 Revision". United Nations Population Division. 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
20. ^ Randers, Jørgen (2012). 2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 62.
21. ^ a b c "World Population Prospects 2019, Mortality Data, File: Life Expectancy at Birth – Both Sexes, Estimates tab". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
22. ^ a b c "World Population Prospects, Mortality Data, File: Life Expectancy at Birth – Both Sexes, Median Variant tab". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
23. ^ "World Bank Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016" (PDF). World Bank Open Knowledge Archive. 2016.
24. ^ a b "Growing at a slower pace, world population is expected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and could peak at nearly 11 billion around 2100". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. June 17, 2019.
25. ^ a b c d e "World Population Prospects 2019, Population Data, File: Total Population-Both Sexes, Estimates tab". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
26. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population to 2300. 2004. Executive Summary, p. 2.
27. ^ Vollset, Stein Emil; Goren, Emily; Yuan, Chun-Wei (July 14, 2020). "Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study". The Lancet.
28. ^ "Projected world population by level of education". Our World In Data. 2016.
29. ^ Newmark, PA; Sánchez Alvarado, A (2002). "Not your father's planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics". Nat Rev Genet. 3 (3): 210–219. doi:10.1038/nrg759. PMID 11972158. S2CID 28379017.
30. ^ Bavestrello, Giorgio; Sommer, Christian; Sarà, Michele (1992). "Bi-directional conversion in Turritopsis nutricula (Hydrozoa)". Scientia Marina. 56 (2–3): 137–140.
31. ^ Martínez, DE (1998). "Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence in hydra". Exp Gerontol. 33 (3): 217–225. doi:10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00113-7. PMID 9615920. S2CID 2009972. In an essay within the 2004 U.N. report, Tim Dyson said: "A rapid increase in life expectancy, which would raise the population pyramids, seems within reach, since it responds to an old and powerful demand for longevity."
32. ^ Jason Collins (January 2019). "The heritability of fertility makes world population stabilization unlikely in the foreseeable future". Evolution and Human Behavior. 40 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.09.001. S2CID 149854505.
33. ^ Can we be sure the world's population will stop rising?, BBC News, 13 October 2012
34. ^ "Standard country or area codes for statistical use (the M49 standard)". United Nations, Dept of Economics and Social Affairs, Statistics Division. 1999.
35. ^ a b c d e Hoornweg, Daniel; Pope, Kevin (January 2014). "Population predictions of the 101 largest cities in the 21st century" (PDF). Global Cities Institute (Working Paper No. 4).

In contemporary history, the third millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era in the Gregorian calendar is the current millennium spanning the years 2001 to 3000 (21st to 30th centuries). Ongoing futures studies seek to understand what is likely to continue and what could plausibly change in the course of this period and beyond.

• 2nd millennium
• 3rd millennium
• 4th millennium

• 21st century
• 22nd century
• 23rd century
• 24th century
• 25th century
• 26th century
• 27th century
• 28th century
• 29th century
• 30th century

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

• List of future astronomical events
  • List of 21st-century lunar eclipses
  • List of solar eclipses in the 21st century
• Projections of population growth
• Climate change
  • Representative Concentration Pathway
  • Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
• Extinction
• List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
• Predictions and claims for the Second Coming
• Near future in fiction
• Works falling into the public domain in the United States

For coverage of past events, see 21st century and Timeline of the 21st century.

Main article: 2000s

• See: 2001
• 2002
• 2003
• 2004
• 2005
• 2006
• 2007
• 2008
• 2009

Main article: 2010s

• See: 2010
• 2011
• 2012
• 2013
• 2014
• 2015
• 2016
• 2017
• 2018
• 2019

Main article: 2020s

• See: 2020
• 2021
• 2022
• 2023
• 2024
• 2025
• 2026
• 2027
• 2028
• 2029

See: 2030s

2040s

"2040" redirects here. For the film, see 2040 (film). For the song, see The Voice of the Heroes.

"2042" redirects here. For the video game, see Battlefield 2042.

"2046" redirects here. For the film, see 2046 (film).

"2049" redirects here. For the film, see Blade Runner 2049.

Plans and goals

• Oman Vision 2040[1]
• By 2049, the 100th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government aims for China to be a "strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country."[2]

Expected events

• 2041
  • The Antarctic treaty is scheduled to come under review.[3][4]
  • The joint venture partnership between Volkswagen Group China and SAIC Motor is scheduled to end.[5]
• 2042
  • April 30: A Nickelodeon time capsule, sealed in April 1992, is scheduled to be opened.[6]
  • September 17: A common computing representation of date and time on IBM mainframe systems will overflow with potential results similar to the year 2000 problem.
• 2045: Centennial commemorations of the conclusion of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany.
• 2047: On July 1, the present "one country, two systems" arrangement in Hong Kong is scheduled to end, as it was guaranteed for 50 years starting from July 1, 1997, provided under the Hong Kong Basic Law. The agreement was raised by Deng Xiaoping to deal with Hong Kong's reunification with the People's Republic of China in 1997, and stipulated in the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984. What will be done is not stated in any document.[7]
• 2048: On January 14, the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is scheduled to come up for review.[8][7]
• 2049:
  • October 1: Scheduled completion of the Belt and Road Initiative, coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.[9]
  • December 20: The present "One country, two systems" with Macau, guaranteed for 50 years starting from 20 December 1999, provided under the Basic Law and the Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, will expire.[10]

2050s

"2050" redirects here. For the film, see 2050 (film).

"2055" redirects here. For the song, see 2055 (song).

• 2050:
  • Three-North Shelter Forest Program is expected to be completed.[11]
  • The President of the United States Joe Biden says his plan will ensure that the United States will be a 100% clean energy economy and reach net-zero emissions by 2050.[12]
  • Arnulf Jaeger-Walden of the European commission's Institute for Energy believes that solar power from North Africa can provide 100 GW to the entire continent of Europe.[13]
  • Under a plan announced in July 2016, New Zealand aims to eradicate all non-native rats, possums, and mustelids by this year.[14]
  • The United States Airforce is set to retire the B-52 Bomber from service.
  • A time capsule in Rachel, Nevada is set to be opened in this year.[15][importance?]
• 2051:
  • April: One of the METI messages Cosmic Call 1 sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar in 1999 arrives at its destination, Gliese 777 star.
  • June 1: The Washington State Ferries time capsule is scheduled to be opened, celebrating WSF's 100th anniversary.
• 2054:
  • November 7: The lease agreement International Speedway Corporation has with Daytona Beach Racing and Recreational Facilities District expires.[16]
  • Hawksbill Creek Agreement tax exempt status is scheduled to expire.
• 2057:
  • February: A METI message Cosmic Call 1 sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destination, 15 Sge star.
  • May: A METI message, called the Teen Age Message, sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destination, HD 76151 star.
  • December: A METI message, called the Teen Age Message, sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destination, 37 Gem star.
  • In the UK, the Midland Expressway Ltd (MEL) contract to run the M6 Toll expires.
• 2059: In January, a METI message, called the Teen Age Message, sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destinations, HD 126053 star and HD 193664 star.

2060s

"2067" redirects here. For other uses, see 2067 (disambiguation).

• 2060:
  • The Chinese government aims for China to be carbon neutral.[17]
• 2061:
  • September 1: A time capsule at St. Gabriel School in Biggar, Saskatchewan, Canada is scheduled to be opened for its 150th anniversary of its school division (Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools).
  • July 24: Halley's Comet expected to be visible for the first time since the perihelion was last reached in 1986.
  • December 31: Expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement.
• 2065:
  • The process of cleanup and decommissioning the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, is projected to be finished.[18]
  • November 22: Venus occults Jupiter, the first planet-planet occultation since 3 January 1818. The next planet-planet occultation will occur less than two years later, on 15 July 2067 (when Mercury occults Neptune).
• 2068:
  • September 29: One of four time capsules at the Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument is scheduled to be opened 100 years after it was locked.
  • May 31: A Solar Eclipse will occur.

2070s

"2077" redirects here. For the video game, see Cyberpunk 2077.

• 2070: According to an announcement made by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in 2021, India will be carbon neutral.[19]
• 2073: On January 1, assuming no further extensions to the term of copyrights become law in the interim, all media that was published before 1978 (including the first Star Wars film) will have fallen into the public domain in the United States. This year in particular is significant because this is the last year when the terms of the Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act will apply; works published after 1977 will generally fall into the public domain after 70 years post mortem auctoris.[example needed]
• 2076: the tricentennial of the United States
• 2079: For computer software using unsigned 16-bit binary day counts and an epoch of 1 January 1900, the counts will overflow after 65,536 (216) days, which will occur on 6 June 2079.

2080s

"2081" redirects here. For the short film, see 2081 (film).

• 2088: The University of Bologna, the world's oldest university in continuous operation, will turn 1,000 years old.[20]
• 2089: During the months of May and June, insect Magicicada broods X (17-year) and XIX (13-year) will emerge simultaneously. This will be the first time this will occur since 1868; next time will be in 2310. This event occurs only once in every 221 years.[21]

2090s

"2091" redirects here. For the TV series, see 2091 (TV series).

"2099" redirects here. For the Marvel Comics imprint, see Marvel 2099.

• 2090: The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund is set to expire.[23]
• 2092:
  • Work on cleaning up the site of the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station[a] is scheduled to be complete in 2092 (early estimate).[24]
  • The second incarnation of a time capsule in Durazno, Uruguay, is scheduled to be opened after 100 years atop a pillar. The previous incarnation of the time capsule was created in 1892 and opened in 1992.[22]
• 2094:
  • March 19: A time capsule sealed exactly seventy-five years before is scheduled to be opened at Denver International Airport.[25]
  • April 7: Mercury transits Jupiter, this is the only known such event of the decade.[26]
• 2097: A time capsule, sealed 100 years earlier, is scheduled to be opened in Baltimore's Inner Harbor to celebrate 300 years of the city's incorporation.[27]
• 2099:
  • The 99-year lease for Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York City is set to expire.[28]
  • Ontario regains control of the Ontario Highway 407 when its 99-year lease expires.[29]
  • 2099 is the maximum year that can be set on computers with BIOS firmware, as well as Microsoft's Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1 operating systems, and Sony's PlayStation 2 and the Nintendo DS gaming platforms.

2100s

• 2100:
  • On 14 March (which will be 29 February in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until 28 February 2200 of the Gregorian Calendar.
  • On January 1, a time capsule placed in Hòa Bình Dam, Vietnam is scheduled to be opened.[30]
  • Silverstein Properties 99-year lease on the World Trade Center expires.[31]

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 22nd century (disambiguation), 2150 (disambiguation), the song 2120 South Michigan Avenue, the video games Battlefield 2142, Earth 2140 and Earth 2160, the short film 21-87, and SMPTE 2110 video networking standard

• 2103: Per an agreement between the National Archives and Caroline Kennedy, the jacket Jackie Kennedy wore on the day John F. Kennedy was assassinated cannot be displayed in public until this year.[32]
• FAT file systems theoretically support dates up to 31 December 2107 (though officially only up to 31 December 2099).[citation needed]
• 2109: On April 27, a time capsule placed under the floor boards of the Old Queens Building at Rutgers University, in New Jersey, buried on 27 April 2009, is scheduled to be opened.[33]

• The Chernobyl New Safe Confinement reaches end of designed lifetime in the 2110s.
• 2110: On 19 September, a time capsule at the Plaza de Armas in Santiago, Chile is intended to be opened. It was buried in 2010.
• 2111: The will of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is scheduled to become public knowledge.[34]
• 2112:
  • November 18: The city of Beaumont, California in the United States is scheduled to open a time capsule in honour of its bicentennial.
  • A time capsule buried in Weavers Academy, Wellingborough, UK, will be opened after 100 years of being buried.
• 2115:
  • The first book from the Future Library project will be published, 100 years after being submitted by author Margaret Atwood.[35]
  • The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by Stanford University will be concluded.[36][37][38]
  • November 18: In 2015, Robert Rodriguez and John Malkovich teamed up with Louis XIII de Rémy Martin (cognac) to create a film called 100 Years. It was put into a time capsule and is scheduled to be released exactly 100 years later.
• 2116: China Merchants Port's 99-year lease on Hambantota International Port in Sri Lanka is set to expire.[39]

• 2120: In November, a South African vault of thousands of time capsules containing present-day information for future generations' use will be opened, 101 years after burial. The Vault 2120 is located at Maropeng in the Cradle of Humankind and was sealed in November 2019. The vault will only be opened in the year 2120. The vault and its thousands of time capsules have been buried at least two metres underground at the Maropeng Visitor Centre.[40]

• 2132: A time capsule on Rideau Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is intended to be opened that year. It was buried in 1982.

"2140" redirects here. For the video game, see Earth 2140.

"2142" redirects here. For the video game, see Battlefield 2142.

• 2140: All Bitcoins are expected to be mined.

• 2155: The Year type in MySQL supports dates up to 31 December 2155.[41]

"2160" redirects here. For the video game, see Earth 2160.

• 2182: On 24 September, asteroid 101955 Bennu has a 1-in-2,700 chance of impacting Earth.[42]

• 2193: A time capsule at the York Civic Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is scheduled to be opened that year.[43] It was buried in 1997.

• 2227–2247: Pluto will be closer to the Sun than Neptune is for the first time since the year 1999.
• 2265: Return of the Great Comet of 1861.
• 2276: the quincentennial of the United States.
• 2285: On March 22, Easter will occur on its earliest possible date for the first time since the year 1818.

"2312" redirects here. For the novel, see 2312 (novel).

"2359" redirects here. For the film, see 2359 (film).

For minor planets numbered 2301–2400, see List of minor planets: 2001–3000 § 301. For the similarly numbered century BC, see 24th century BC. For noteworthy numbers in the range 2301–2400, see 2000 (number).

• 2333: It is projected that the Dounreay nuclear site will be safe to use for other purposes.[44]
• 2353: The date of Easter as conventionally calculated will be five weeks earlier than its hypothetical date according to astronomical principles, in a "negative equinoctial paradox". Along with 2372, this will be one of only two such occurrences between 2020 and 4000.[45]
• 2372: The date of Easter will see another "negative equinoctial paradox", this time four weeks earlier than its hypothetical date. This will be the last such occurrence before the year 4000.[45]
• 2391: Palm Sunday and Saint Patrick's Day will coincide for the first time since 1940; the "wearing of the shamrock and the palm together" was seen as presaging a great event in Ireland.[46][47]
• 2400: The first century leap year since 2000.

• 2439 (estimated): The "Across the Universe" message broadcast by NASA in 2008 will reach Polaris.[48]
• 2464: A time capsule buried at Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14 in the United States is intended to be opened.[49]
• 2492: The 1,000th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' 1492 arrival in America.

• 2640: On September 5, the 639-year-long performance of John Cage's organ work As Slow as Possible (begun in 2001) is scheduled to finish at the St. Burchardi Church in Halberstadt, Germany.[50]

"2707" redirects here. For the cancelled developed plane, see Boeing 2707.

"2894" redirects here. For the novel, see 2894 (novel).

• The St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery (Happy Valley) in Hong Kong lease on Wanzai's Saint Fulan gentleman street will end after a 999-year lease, assuming no legal status changes before that date.[citation needed]
• 2883: On January 4, the CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) lease on the O&Q (Ontario and Quebec) will end, after a 999-year lease.[citation needed]

"3000 A.D." redirects here. For the film, see Captive Women.

• 2968: The Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument in Amarillo, Texas, contains four separate time capsules, the last of which is intended to be opened 1,000 years after the Time Columns Monument was locked in 1968.
• 2999:
  • The time capsule in Chinook Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is scheduled to be opened on 31 December 2999 after being sealed in 1999.[51]
  • The Longplayer composition is set to finish on 31 December 2999, marking the end of the thousand-year piece of music which began on 1 January 2000.

• Timelines of the future
• Anthropocene
• Foresight (psychology)
• Outline of futures studies
• Technology forecasting

1. ^ The Oldbury Nuclear Power Station is located in South Gloucestershire, England.

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