See also: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, 永, and 氵
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水
- 氵 (when used as a left radical)
- 氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)
Radical 85 水
水 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230, composition ⿰𰛄⿺㇏丿(GJKV) or ⿰㇇𰛅(GJKV) or ⿰𰛄⿱丿㇏(HT))
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/水
- 冰, 𪢿, 𫰖, 㝽, 𡵰, 𢗷, 𤝎, 阥, 𨑾, 𪱹, 㲑, 𤆩, 𤕯, 𡯑, 𬍖, 𦙙, 𤱄, 砅, 𧦋, 𧺵, 𫒎, 𩖱, 𬵆, 𣍤, 𩾼
- 氽, 𠕽, 𡉺, 尿, 𢇤, 𦬭, 𭥚, 𣏶, 𭻅, 㽷, 泵, 𥝸, 𥤼, 𥫸, 𨋈, 𨠊, 㞙, 𩂍, 𤦗, 𦷸, 𠪥, 𥴠, 𢦹, 閖
- 呇, 坔, 𢗨, 𤆲, 畓, 𭖜, 𧥿, 𨋉, 𨠆, 𨥗, 𭪳, 𬠤, 凼, 囦, 䠌, 潁(颍), 頮(颒), 𤸄
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 603, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
- Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1545, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6C34
Further reading[edit]
Central Bai[edit]
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Noun[edit]
水 (xuix)
- hanzi form of xuix
1450, Yang Fu (楊黼), 《詞記山花——咏蒼洱境》:
煴煊茶水㱔呼𪢂Boiling tea water, greeting each other.
Chinese[edit]
水 |
𡿭 𣸕 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).
Wikipedia has articles on:
- 水 (Written Standard Chinese?)
- 水 (Cantonese)
- 水 (Classical)
- 水 (Gan)
- súi (Hakka)
- cūi (Min Dong)
- chúi (Min Nan)
- 水 (Wu)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).
Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).
Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).
Alternatively, Gong (1995) reconstructs Old Chinese *hljədx and compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju (“water; liquid; bodily fluid”). Baxter and Sagart (2014), employing evidence from Proto-Min, reconstructs Old Chinese *s.turʔ and compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *twəj (“to flow; to suppurate”), which is likely related to *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; to soak; to be wet”) (STEDT). Like Gong (1995), Sagart (2017) compares it to Tibetan ཆུ (chu), but he also compares it to Bodo (India) दै (dwi), Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *thejᴬ, all of which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s. Handel deems derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju or *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s unlikely because of phonological issues (STEDT).
Pronunciation[edit]
Note:
- cūi - literary (common);
- cṳ̄ - vernacular (only used in some words as the first syllable).
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Note:
- chúi - vernacular;
- súi - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: sr (T2)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩³⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xyei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕye̞i⁴¹/
- Old Chinese (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.turʔ/ (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷljilʔ/
水 |
1/1 |
shuǐ |
‹ sywijX › |
/*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j) |
water; river |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
水 |
1/1 |
11948 |
水 |
脂 |
2 |
水 |
/*qʰʷljilʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
水
- water (Classifier: 瓶 m; 樽 c; 滴 m c; 池 m c; 盆 m c; 杯 m c)
請給我一杯水,謝謝。 [MSC, trad.]
请给我一杯水,谢谢。 [MSC, simp.]Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ, xièxiè. [Pinyin]A glass of water, please. - liquid; potion; juice 口水 ― kǒushuǐ ― saliva 羊水 ― yángshuǐ ― amniotic fluid 眼藥水/眼药水 ― yǎnyàoshuǐ ― eyedrop
- (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料/饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”). 要叫什麼水?/要叫什么水? ― Yào jiào shénme shuǐ? ― What beverage do you want to order? 欲叫什物水? [Hokkien] ― Beh kiò sím-mi̍h chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― What beverage do you want to order?
- (archaic) river 漢水/汉水 ― Hànshuǐ ― the Han River
- body of water 水路 ― shuǐlù ― waterway 三面環水/三面环水 ― sān miàn huán shuǐ ― to be surrounded by (bodies of) water on three sides
- flood 發水/发水 ― fāshuǐ ― to flood
- additional cost or income
- (dialectal) rain
- (Cantonese) money or hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿) 磅水 [Cantonese] ― bong6 seoi2 [Jyutping] ― to pay 掠水 [Cantonese] ― loek6-1 seoi2 [Jyutping] ― to obtain money dishonestly 三嚿水 [Cantonese] ― saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping] ― three hundred dollars
- (Cantonese) to fool; to deceive; to misguide
- to swim 水性 ― shuǐxìng ― swimming ability
- (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
這裡的大學太水了。 [MSC, trad.]
这里的大学太水了。 [MSC, simp.]Zhèlǐ de dàxué tài shuǐ le. [Pinyin]The universities here are too weak. - Short for 划水 (huáshuǐ, “to shirk; to slack off”).
- one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行)
- (colloquial) Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
- Sui people 水書/水书 ― shuǐshū ― Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
- a surname
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Chinese).
Compounds[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Chinese).
Descendants[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Chinese).
Etymology 2[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”). (This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.) |
References[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)
- Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)
- Kun: みず (mizu, 水, Jōyō)←みづ (midu, historical)
- Nanori: うず (uzu); ずみ (zumi); たいら (taira)←たひら (tafira, historical); つ (tsu); ど (do); な (na); なか (naka); み (mi); みさ (misa); みつ (mitsu); みな (mina); みん (min); ゆ (yu); ゆく (yuku)
Compounds[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Kanji.
Etymology 1[edit]
水 |
みず Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) みず [mìzú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [mʲizɨᵝ]
Noun[edit]
水(みず) • (mizu) ←みづ (midu)?
Usage notes[edit]
Note that, while mizu is the most general Japanese term for “water”, it does refer specifically to “water that is not hot”. Meanwhile, the word 湯 (yu) refers specifically to “hot water”. Consider 水風呂 (mizu-buro, “cold-water bath”), contrasting with 風呂 (furo, “bath”, implying hot water).
Derived terms[edit]- See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Japanese).
Prefix[edit]
水(みず) • (mizu-) ←みづ (midu)?
Derived terms[edit]- See 水/derived terms § Water (Prefix).
Proper noun[edit]
水(みず) • (Mizu) ←みづ (midu)?
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
水 |
み Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/
From Old Japanese.
Typically found in compounds.[2]
Affix[edit]
水(み) • (mi)
- Combining form of みず (mizu) above
- See 水/derived terms § Combining form.
Etymology 3[edit]
水 |
すい Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
/ɕuwi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/
From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).
Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ), modern Hakka 水 (súi).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) すい [súꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝi]
Noun[edit]
水(すい) • (sui)
Affix[edit]
水(すい) • (sui)
- water
- body of water
- fluid, liquid
- Short for 水素 (suiso): hydrogen
- See 水/derived terms § Water (element).
Proper noun[edit]
水(すい) • (Sui)
Etymology 4[edit]
水 |
もい Grade: 1 |
irregular |
⟨mopi1⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /moɸi/ → /mowi/ → /moi/
From Old Japanese. Via metonymy from the word 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”), from the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
水(もい) • (moi) ←もひ (mofi)?
- (obsolete) drinking water
- 水(もい)取(とり), 主水(もいとり) (moitori)
See also[edit]
- 氷(こおり) (kōri, “ice”)
- 湯(ゆ) (yu, “hot water”)
References[edit]
From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄉᆔᆼ〯 (Yale: syǔy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 믈〮 (Yale: múl) | 슈〮 (Yale: syú) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu]
- Phonetic hangul: [수]
Hanja[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
水
Wikisource
水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))
Compounds[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Korean).
References[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Korean).
Lama Bai[edit]
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Noun[edit]
水 (ɕy³³)
- hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji [[mizu, mikɯ#Miyako|mizu, mikɯ]])
References[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Miyako).
Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, rōmaji mïzï)
Oki-No-Erabu[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)
References[edit]
- “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
See also:
Category:Okinawan terms spelled with 水
水
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings[edit]
- On: しー (shī)
- Kun: みじ (miji, 水)
Compounds[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Kanji (Okinawan).
Etymology[edit]
From earlier 水 (midu → midzu → mizu), attested in 1711 in the 混効験集 (Konkōkenshū), itself from Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants.
Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (mi1du).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Shuri-Naha) みじ[míꜜd͡ʑì] (Kakō - [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [mid͡ʑi]
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)
Derived terms[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Okinawan).
References[edit]
- ^ “ミジ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
- “みじ【水】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, rōmaji mïdi)
Southern Bai[edit]
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Noun[edit]
水 (ɕy³³)
- hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
水: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ (式(thức)軌(quỹ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
水: Nôm readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][4][6], nước[2]
- chữ Hán form of thuỷ (“water”).
- (uncommon) Nôm form of nước (“water”).
Compounds[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Vietnamese).
References[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana みん, rōmaji min, hiragana みーん, rōmaji mīn)
References[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Yonaguni).
Yoron[edit]
Kanji[edit]
水
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.
Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).
Noun[edit]
水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)
References[edit]
- See 水/derived terms § Water (Yoron).