What is hawthorn fruit

Al Makdessi S, Sweidan H, DietzK, and et al. Protective effect of Crataegus oxyacantha against reperfusion arrhythmias after global no-flow ischemia in the rat heart. Basic Res Cardiol 1999;94(2):71-77. View abstract.

Al Makdessi S, Sweidan H, Mullner S, and et al. Myocardial protection by pretreatment with Crataegus oxyacantha: an assessment by means of the release of lactate dehydrogenase by the ischemic and reperfused Langendorff heart. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46(1):25-27. View abstract.

Alexander, H. A. Clinical effectiveness of Crataegus extract LI132 for treating heart insufficiency stage 2 New York: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study with n=73 patients. Dissertation (Dr. med). 1995;

Ammon HP and Handel M. [Crataegus, toxicology and pharmacology, Part I: Toxicity (author's transl)]. Planta Med 1981;43(2):105-120. View abstract.

Ammon HP and Handel M. [Crataegus, toxicology and pharmacology. Part II: Pharmacodynamics (author's transl)]. Planta Med 1981;43(3):209-239. View abstract.

Ammon HP and Handel M. [Crataegus, toxicology and pharmacology. Part III: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics] (author's transl)]. Planta Med 1981;43(4):313-322. View abstract.

Bahorun T, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. Arzneim-Forsch 1996;46(2):1086-1089.

Baklykova, O. B., Sizova, ZhM, and Shikh, E. V. [Possible use of standardized Crataegus sanguinea extract in correction of cardiac rhythm impairment in patients with chronic heart failure]. Antibiot.Khimioter. 2009;54(1-2):47-52. View abstract.

Beier A, Konigstein RP, and Samec V. [Clinical experiences with a crataegus pentaerythrityl-tetranitrate combination drug in heart diseases due to coronary sclerosis in old age]. Wien Med Wochenschr 6-15-1974;124(24):378-381. View abstract.

Belz, G. G. and Loew, D. Dose-response related efficacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fixed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components. Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:61-67. View abstract.

Belz, G. G., Butzer, R., Gaus, W., and Loew, D. Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination dose-dependently reduces tilt induced fall in blood pressure in orthostatic hypotension. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(7):581-588. View abstract.

Bodigheimer K and Chase D. [Effectiveness of hawthorn extract at a dosage of 3x100mg per day]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136 Suppl 1:s7-s11.

Brixius K, Frank K, Muench G, and et al. WG 1442 (Crataegus spezialextrakt) works at the insufficient human myocardium contractible force-increasing. Verhandlungen der deutschen Gesellschaft fur Herz und Kreislaufforschung 1998;30:28-33.

Chatterjee SS, Koch E, Jaggy H, and et al. [In vitro and in vivo studies on the cardioprotective action of oligomeric procyanidins in a Crataegus extract of leaves and blooms]. Arzneimittelforschung 1997;79:821-825. View abstract.

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn). Monograph. Altern.Med Rev. 2010;15(2):164-167. View abstract.

Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. View abstract.

Eichstadt, H., Stork, T., Mockel, M., and et al. Effectiveness of and tolerance to Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart insufficiency and reduced left ventricular function. Perfusion 2001;14:212-217.

Fan, C., Yan, J., Qian, Y., Wo, X., and Gao, L. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase expression by effect of hawthorn flavonoids on peroxisome proliferator response element pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2006;100(1):51-58. View abstract.

Forster A, Forster K, Buhring M, and et al. Crataegus bei massig reduzierter linksventrikularer Auswurffraktion. Ergospirometrische Verlaufsuntersuchung bei 72 Patienten in doppel-blindem Vergleich mit Plazebo. [Crataegus for moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Ergospirometric monitoring study with 72 patients in a double-blind comparison with placebo]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136(suppl 1):s21-s26.

Francis, M. J., Doherty, R. R., Patel, M., Hamblin, J. F., Ojaimi, S., and Korman, T. M. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens septic arthritis following puncture with a Coxspur Hawthorn thorn. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(7):2759-2760. View abstract.

Furey, A. and Tassell, M. Towards a systematic scientific approach in the assessment of efficacy of an herbal preparation: Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(12):1153-1157. View abstract.

Gorret, J., Chevalier, J., Gaschet, A., Fraisse, B., Violas, P., Chapuis, M., and Jolivet-Gougeon, A. Childhood delayed septic arthritis of the knee caused by Serratia fonticola. Knee. 2009;16(6):512-514. View abstract.

Hanack T and Bruckel MH. [The treatment of mild stable forms of angina pectoris using Crategutt novo]. Therapiewoche 1983;33:4331-4333.

Harris, E. J. Retained Hawthorn fragment in a child's foot complicated by infection: diagnosis and excision aided by localization with ultrasound. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2010;49(2):161-165. View abstract.

Hertog MG, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, and et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch Intern Med 2-27-1995;155(4):381-386. View abstract.

Holubarsch, C. J., Colucci, W. S., Meinertz, T., Gaus, W., and Tendera, M. Survival and prognosis: investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)--rationale, study design and study protocol. Eur J Heart Fail. 2000;2(4):431-437. View abstract.

Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. View abstract.

Hosseinimehr, S. J., Mahmoudzadeh, A., Azadbakht, M., and Akhlaghpoor, S. Radioprotective effects of Hawthorn against genotoxicity induced by gamma irradiation in human blood lymphocytes. Radiat.Environ.Biophys. 2009;48(1):95-98. View abstract.

Hu, L. and Xiong, C. L. [The influence of medicated serum with root of Crataegus cuneata on human sperm motility parameters in vitro]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2006;31(4):333-335. View abstract.

Islam, J., Uretsky, B. F., and Sierpina, V. S. Heart failure improvement with CoQ10, Hawthorn, and magnesium in a patient scheduled for cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator therapy: a case study. Explore.(NY) 2006;2(4):339-341. View abstract.

Joseph G, Zhao Y, and Klaus W. [Pharmacologic action profile of crataegus extract in comparison to epinephrine, amrinone, milrinone and digoxin in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart]. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45(12):1261-1265. View abstract.

Koller, M., Lorenz, W., Aubke, W., Jensen, A., Gerlach, F. M., Kuhl, J., Pfeil, T., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Rusche, H., and Rychlik, R. [Crataegus special extract WS 1442 in the treatment of early stages of CHD-associated heart failure]. MMW Fortschr Med 2-9-2006;148(6):42. View abstract.

Ling, S., Nheu, L., Dai, A., Guo, Z., and Komesaroff, P. Effects of four medicinal herbs on human vascular endothelial cells in culture. Int J Cardiol. 8-29-2008;128(3):350-358. View abstract.

Liu, P., Konstam, M. A., and Force, T. Highlights of the 2004 scientific sessions of the Heart Failure Society of America, Toronto, Canada, September 12 to 15, 2004. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005;45(617):625.

Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.

Mahmood, Z. A., Sualeh, M., Mahmood, S. B., and Karim, M. A. Herbal treatment for cardiovascular disease the evidence based therapy. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010;23(1):119-124. View abstract.

Mavers WH and Hensel H. [Changes in local myocardial blood circulation following oral administration of a Crataegus extract in non-narcotized dogs]. Arzneimittelforschung 1974;24(5):783-785. View abstract.

Min, B. S., Kim, Y. H., Lee, S. M., Jung, H. J., Lee, J. S., Na, M. K., Lee, C. O., Lee, J. P., and Bae, K. Cytotoxic triterpenes from Crataegus pinnatifida. Arch Pharm Res 2000;23(2):155-158. View abstract.

Moon, H. I., Kim, T. I., Cho, H. S., and Kim, E. K. Identification of potential and selective collagenase, gelatinase inhibitors from Crataegus pinnatifida. Bioorg.Med Chem Lett. 2-1-2010;20(3):991-993. View abstract.

Muller, A., Linke, W., and Klaus, W. Crataegus extract blocks potassium currents in guinea pig ventricular cardiac myocytes. Planta Med 1999;65(4):335-339. View abstract.

Nasa Y, Hashizume H, Hoque AN, and et al. Protective effect of crataegus extract on the cardiac mechanical dysfunction in isolated perfused working rat heart. Arzneimittelforschung 1993;43(9):945-949. View abstract.

O'Conolly M, Bernhoft G, and Bartsch G. [Treatment of stenocardia (Angina pectoris) pain in advanced age patients with multi-morbidity]. Therapiewoche 1987;37:3587-3600.

O'Conolly M, Jansen W, Bernhoft G, and et al. [Treatment of decreasing cardiac performance. Therapy using standardized crataegus extract in advanced age]. Fortschr Med 11-13-1986;104(42):805-808. View abstract.

Petkov V. Plants with hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatating action. Am J Chinese Med 1979;7(3):197-236.

Rajendran S, Deepalakshmi PD, Parasakthy K, and et al. Effect of tincture of Crataegus on the LDL-receptor activity of hepatic plasma membrane of rats fed an atherogenic diet. Atherosclerosis 1996;123(1-2):235-241. View abstract.

Rakotoarison DA, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Antioxidant activities of polyphenolic extracts from flowers, in vitro callus and cell suspension cultures of Crataegus monogyna. Pharmazie 1997;52(1):60-64. View abstract.

Rasmussen, P. Hawthorn--Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn) or Crataegus laevigata (midland hawthorn; Crataegus oxyacantha); also known as haw, thornapple, maythorn, whitethorn. J Prim.Health Care 2011;3(1):63-64. View abstract.

Raudonis, R., Jakstas, V., Burdulis, D., Benetis, R., and Janulis, V. Investigation of contribution of individual constituents to antioxidant activity in herbal drugs using postcolumn HPLC method. Medicina (Kaunas.) 2009;45(5):382-394. View abstract.

Rechcinski, T. and Kurpesa, M. [Oligomeric procyanidins from hawthorn extract as supplementary therapy in patients with left ventricle systolic dysfunction]. Przegl.Lek. 2005;62(4):243-244. View abstract.

Roddewig C and Hensel H. [Reaction of local myocardial blood flow in non-anesthetized dogs and anesthetized cats to the oral and parenteral administration of a Crateagus fraction (oligomere procyanidines)]. Arzneimittelforschung 1977;27(7):1407-1410. View abstract.

Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47. View abstract.

Rothfuss, M. A., Pascht, U., and Kissling, G. Effect of long-term application of Crataegus oxyacantha on ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51(1):24-28. View abstract.

Saenz MT, Ahumada MC, and Garcia MD. Extracts from Viscum and Crataegus are cytotoxic against larynx cancer cells. Z Naturforsch 1997;52c:42-44.

Schlegelmilch R and Heywood R. Toxicity of Crataegus (hawthorn) extract (WS 1442). J Am Coll Toxicol 1994;13(2):103-111.

Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, and et al. Efficacy of hawthorn (crataegus) preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomedicine 1994;1:17-24.

Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, and et al. Efficacy of the hawthorn extract LI 132 (600mg/d) during eight weeks' treatment. Placebo-controlled double-blind trial with 78 NYHA stage II heart failure patients. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136(suppl 1):s13-s19.

Schmidt, U., Albrecht, M., and Schmidt, S. [Effects of an herbal crataegus-camphor combination on the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases]. Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50(7):613-619. View abstract.

Schroder, D., Weiser, M., and Klein, P. Efficacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insufficiency: results of an observational cohort study. Eur.J.Heart Fail. 2003;5(3):319-326. View abstract.

Schussler M, Holzl J, and Fricke U. Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45(8):842-845. View abstract.

Tauchert M, Ploch M, and Hubner WD. Effectiveness of hawthorn extract LI 132 compared with the ACE inhibitor Captopril: Multicenter double-blind study with 132 NYHA Stage II. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136(suppl. 1):S27-S33.

Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474. View abstract.

Ventura P, Girola M, and Lattuada V. [Clinical evaluation and tolerability of a drug with garlic and hawthorn]. Acta Toxicol Ther 1990;11(4):365-372.

Vibes, J., Lasserre, B., Gleye, J., and Declume, C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-175. View abstract.

Von Eiff M, Brunner H, Haegeli A, and et al. Hawthorn/passion flower extract and improvement in physical exercise capacity of patients with dyspnoea class II of the NYHA functional classification. Acta Therapeutica 1994;20:47-66.

Weihmayr T and Ernst E. [Therapeutic effectiveness of Crataegus]. Fortschr Med 1-20-1996;114(1-2):27-29. View abstract.

Weikl A and Noh HS. The influence of Crataegus on global cardiac insufficiency. Herz Gefabe 1993;11:516-524.

Zhang, Z., Chang, Q., Zhu, M., Huang, Y., Ho, W. K., and Chen, Z. Characterization of antioxidants present in hawthorn fruits. J Nutr Biochem 2001;12(3):144-152. View abstract.

Zick, S. M., Blume, A., and Aaronson, K. D. The prevalence and pattern of complementary and alternative supplement use in individuals with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2005;11(8):586-589. View abstract.

Zumdick, S., Deters, A., and Hensel, A. In vitro intestinal transport of oligomeric procyanidins (DP 2 to 4) across monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Fitoterapia 2012;83(7):1210-1217. View abstract.

Zuo, Z., Zhang, L., Zhou, L., Chang, Q., and Chow, M. Intestinal absorption of hawthorn flavonoids--in vitro, in situ and in vivo correlations. Life Sci 11-25-2006;79(26):2455-2462. View abstract.

Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. View abstract.

Bourin M, Bougerol T, Guitton B, Broutin E. A combination of plant extracts in the treatment of outpatients with adjustment disorder with anxious mood: controlled study vs placebo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997;11:127-32. View abstract.

Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12. View abstract.

Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. View abstract.

Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. View abstract.

Degenring FH, Suter A, Weber M, Saller R. A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II. Phytomedicine 2003;10:363-9. View abstract.

Erfurt L, Schandry R, Rubenbauer S, Braun U. The effects of repeated administration of camphor-crataegus berry extract combination on blood pressure and on attentional performance- a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytomedicine. 2014;21(11):1349-55.

Forster A, Forster K, Buhring M, et al. Crataegus bei massig reduzierter linksventrikularer Auswurffraktion. Ergospirometrische Verlaufsuntersuchung bei 72 Patienten in doppel-blindem Vergleich mit Plazebo. [Crataegus for moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Ergospirometric monitoring study with 72 patients in a double-blind comparison with placebo]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136:s21-s26.

Hanus M, Lafon J, Mathieu M. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:63-71. View abstract.

Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-1011. View abstract.

Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. View abstract.

Iwamoto M, Sato T, Ishizaki T. [The clinical effect of Crataegus in heart disease of ischemic or hypertensive origin. A multicenter double-blind study]. Planta Med 1981;42:1-16. View abstract.

Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, et al. Hawthorn evokes a potent anti-hyperglycemic capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 2003;3:19-29.

Leuchtgens H. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 in NYHA II heart failure. A placebo controlled randomized double-blind study]. Fortschr Med 1993;111:352-4. View abstract.

Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501. View abstract.

Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. View abstract.

Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. View abstract.

Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, Hubner WD. Efficacy of the Hawthorne (Crataegus) Preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomedicine 1994;1:17-24. View abstract.

Schwinger RH, Pietsch M, Frank K, Brixius K. Crataegus special extract WS 1442 increases force of contraction in human myocardium cAMP-independently. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000;35:700-7. View abstract.

Shi KQ, Fan YC, Liu WY, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines benefit to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol.Biol Rep. 2012;39:9715-22. View abstract.

Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. View abstract.

Tauchert M, Ploch M, and Hubner WD. Effectiveness of hawthorn extract LI 132 compared with the ACE inhibitor Captopril: Multicenter double-blind study with 132 NYHA Stage II. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136:S27-S33.

Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. View abstract.

Von Eiff M, Brunner H, Haegeli A, et al. Hawthorn / passion flower extract and improvement in physical exercise capacity of patients with dyspnoea Class II of the NYHA functional classifications. Acta Therapeutica 1994;20:47-66.

Von Holubarsch, CJ, Niestroj M, Wassmer A, et al. [Hawthorn extract WS 1442 in the treatment of patients with heart failure and LVEF of 25%-35%]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 7-1-2010;152:56-61. View abstract.

Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43. View abstract.

Weikl A, Assmus KD, Neukum-Schmidt A, et al. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442. Assessment of objective effectiveness in patients with heart failure (NYHA II)]. Fortschr Med 1996;114:291-6. View abstract.

Weng WL, Zhang WQ, Liu FZ, and et al. Therapeutic effect of Crataegus pinnatifida on 46 cases of angina pectoris--a double blind study. J Tradit Chin Med 1984;4:293-94. View abstract.

Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. View abstract.

Zand J, Lanza F, Garg HK, Bryan NS. All-natural nitrite and nitrate containing dietary supplement promotes nitric oxide production and reduces triglycerides in humans. Nutr Res 2011;31(4):262-9. View abstract.

Zapfe jun G. Clinical efficacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II. Phytomedicine 2001;8:262-6. View abstract.

Zick SM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. The effect of Crataegus oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:587-93. View abstract.

Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. View abstract.