There are a variety of research designs that are used by researchers, and they all have different purposes. Research designs aim at finding out how various research problems can be solved. The research designs use different methods and techniques. In this article, we are going to focus on the descriptive design and what it entails in research.
Descriptive research is a research design that is used to investigate different phenomenon and situations. It always targets to answer questions like how the situation happen, when in terms of the time or date, where in terms of the place it happened, and what the issue or phenomenon is. The research design majorly focuses on explaining more of the population; therefore, it integrates different research methods for its success. It is a unique kind of design because there is no manipulation of the variable; rather, the researcher uses observation to measure the findings. Descriptive research designs are used by researchers when they want to define the problem and why it exists hence the use of varied designs that are added to help the research process. The descriptive design is used in different organisations and institutions to solve the root of the problem.
Descriptive research is categorised in different research methods that have different purposes in the research process. These methods can be used when you are conducting descriptive research according to your goals and objectives.
Surveys are one of the methods that can be applied in descriptive research to collect information. The descriptive survey majorly deals with investigating the degree at which a condition can be on the subjects. For example, if a research problem wants to find out the rate of the turnover in the organisation due to the Corona virus, the researcher can come up with surveys that are going to be answered by the employees of the organisation. The survey questions could use the open-ended or closed mode of questionnaires that are going to be filled by the employees. Data that has been collected is to be analysed by the use of quantitative or qualitative research methods to come up with the findings. This method allows the accessible collection of information from the specified target sample; in turn, different solutions can be applied after the analysis.
Observation is a significant part of the descriptive research. In most cases, this method can use both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyse the data. The observation method involves the collection of data that is to be interpreted to give a correlation between the two variables in the descriptive research.
Additionally, the observation method can use the qualitative through the collection of data in the form of observing the behaviours and characteristics of the target sample. As we said earlier, the descriptive research aims at identifying the real issue in the research problem, hence the research question allows them to have a deep insight into the real issue. This will make them have enough data to analyse and come up with the right findings.
The case study method entails the use of a target sample or subgroup that information will be collected from. Frequently, there is the integration of different data collection methods such as surveys or questionnaires that are filled by the participants to collect the data needed. The use of a small group allows you to understand the dynamics of the whole group hence will enable you to discover something new about the research problem.
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Data analysis involves the use of different techniques that allow the researcher to assess and come up with reliability and validity findings. In descriptive research, the frequently used methods are the use of a table, means, and quantiles, measures of dispersion like variance and standard deviation, and the cross-tabulations that are used in the examination of different hypotheses. In the descriptive analysis, the primary function is to find out different measures in terms of segregation, discrimination, and inequality. The data analysis aims to use quantitative methods to find and give accurate results, and this helps in finding the solutions.
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