Show By Prodyut Das Postural Drainage removes mucus from certain parts of the lungs by using gravity and proper positioning to bring the secretions into the throat where it is easier to remove them. The lungs are divided into segments called lobes, the right lung is divided into three lobes (right upper lobe, right middle lobe and right lower lobe) while the left lung has only two lobes (left upper lobe and lower lobe). SCHEDULING TREATMENTThe treatment often works best in the morning. This allows the mucus to be removed that has built up during the night. Sometimes a treatment can be done at night to reduce the need for coughing during sleep. Make sure you wait at least 1-2 hours after eating before starting you treatment. This helps to prevent nausea and or vomiting. CPT just before meals may cause you to become tired and may decrease appetite. STEPS
POSITIONSTo drain the middle and lower portions of your lungs, you should be positioned with your chest above your head. Possible techniques to achieve this position are:
To drain the upper portions of your lungs, you should be in a sitting position at about a 45 degree angle. Postural drainage therapy is designed to improve the mobilization of bronchial secretions and the matching of ventilation and perfusion, and to normalize functional residual capacity (FRC) based on the effects of gravity and external manipulation of the thorax. This includes turning, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, and cough. TurningTurning is the rotation of the body around the longitudinal axis to promote unilateral or bilateral lung expansion and improve arterial oxygenation. Regular turning can be to either side or the prone position, with the bed at any degree of inclination (as indicated and tolerated). Patients may turn themselves or they may turned by the caregiver or by a special bed or device. Postural DrainagePostural drainage is the drainage of secretions, by the effect of gravity, from one or more lung segments to the central airways (where they can be removed by cough or mechanical aspiration). Each position consists of placing the target lung segment(s) superior to the carina. Positions should generally be held for 3 to 15 minutes (longer in special situations). Standard positions are modified as the patient's condition and tolerance warrant. External Manipulation of the Thoraxa- PercussionPercussion is also referred to as cupping, clapping, and tapotement. The purpose of percussion is to intermittently apply kinetic energy to the chest wall and lung. This is accomplished by rhythmically striking the thorax with cupped hand or mechanical device directly over the lung segment(s) being drained. No convincing evidence demonstrates the superiority of one method over the other. b- VibrationVibration involves the application of a fine tremorous action (manually performed by pressing in the direction that the ribs and soft tissue of the chest move during expiration) over the draining area. No conclusive evidence supports the efficacy of vibration, the superiority of either manual or mechanical methods, or an optimum frequency. INDICATIONSTurning
Postural Drainage
(a)difficulty clearing secretions with expectorated sputum production greater than 25-30 mL/day (adult) (b)evidence or suggestion of retained secretions in the presence of an artificial airway
(a)sputum volume or consistency suggesting a need for additional manipulation (eg, percussion and/or vibration) to assist movement of secretions by gravity, in a patient receiving postural drainage CONTRAINDICATIONSThe decision to use postural drainage therapy requires assessment of potential benefits versus potential risks. Therapy should be provided for no longer than necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic results. Listed contraindications are relative unless marked as absolute (A). 1 Positioning 1.1 All positions are contraindicated for 1.1.1 intracranial pressure (ICP) > 20 mm Hg(59,60)1.1.2 head and neck injury until stabilized (A)1.1.3 active hemorrhage with hemodynamic instability (A) 1.1.4 recent spinal surgery (eg, laminectomy) or acute spinal injury 1.1.5 acute spinal injury or active hemoptysis1.1.6 empyema1.1.7 bronchopleural fistula1.1.8 pulmonary edema associated with congestive heart failure1.1.9 large pleural effusions1.1.10 pulmonary embolism1.1.11 aged, confused, or anxious patients who do not tolerate position changes1.1.12 rib fracture, with or without flail chest1.1.13 surgical wound or healing tissue1.2 Trendelenburg position is contraindicated for 1.2.1 intracranial pressure (ICP) > 20 mm Hg(59,60)1.2.2 patients in whom increased intracranial pressure is to be avoided (eg, neurosurgery, aneurysms, eye surgery) 1.2.3 uncontrolled hypertension 1.2.4 distended abdomen1.2.5 esophageal surgery1.2.6 recent gross hemoptysis related to recent lung carcinoma treated surgically or with radiation therapy1.2.7 uncontrolled airway at risk for aspiration (tube feeding or recent meal)1.3 Reverse Trendelenburg is contraindicated in the presence of hypotension or vasoactive medication 2 External Manipulation of the Thorax 2.1subcutaneous emphysema2.2 recent epidural spinal infusion or spinal anesthesia2.3 recent skin grafts, or flaps, on the thorax2.4 burns, open wounds, and skin infections of the thorax2.5 recently placed transvenous pacemaker or subcutaneous pacemaker (particularly if mechanical devices are to be used)2.6 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis2.7 lung contusion2.8 bronchospasm2.9 osteomyelitis of the ribs 2.10 osteoporosis 2.11 coagulopathy2.12 complaint of chest-wall pain COMPLICATIONS
LIMITATIONS OF METHOD1-Presumed effectiveness of PDT and its application may be based more on tradition and anecdotal report than on scientific evidence. The procedure has been used excessively and in patients in whom it is not indicated. 2-Airway clearance may be less than optimal in patients with ineffective cough. ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOMERead research article about effectiveness of postural drainage vs Positioning on PubMed These represent individual criteria that indicate a positive response to therapy (and support continuation of therapy). Not all criteria are required to justify continuation of therapy (eg, a ventilated patient may not have sputum production > 30 mL/day, but have improvement in breath sounds, chest x-ray, or increased compliance or decreased resistance).
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