Which of the following is one of the best practices to be followed when interviewing individuals who are deaf?

Communication can be a struggle for some deaf people, so we asked one of our hearing dog partners for some top tips on how best to speak with deaf people.

Our tips for communicating with people with a hearing loss

1. Always face a deaf person. Make eye contact and keep it while you are talking. Try not to look away or cover your mouth as many deaf people rely on lip reading to help them understand you.
2. Check noise and lighting. Turn off or move away from background noise. Make sure your face is not in shadow and there are no strong lights or sunshine in their eyes.
3. Keep your distance. Stand a metre or two away from the deaf person. This is important for hearing-aid users, lip-readers and signers.
4. Speak clearly, slowly and steadily. Don’t mumble, shout or exaggerate – it distorts your lip patterns.
5. Take turns. If there is more than one person in a conversation take turns to talk.
6. Repeat and re-phrase if necessary. Trying to say the same thing in a different way might help.
7. Write it down. Don’t be afraid to write or draw to help understanding.

And arguably one of the most important points to remember is to keep trying – even if a deaf person does not understand what you’re saying the first few times. So many of our partners have told us that when someone says ‘oh, don’t worry. It doesn’t matter’ it feels like they mean ‘you don’t matter.’ Even if it takes four or five times of rephrasing or even writing it down, don’t give up.

You can also learn how to sign the alphabet in British Sign Language with TV presenter Angellica Bell here.

Which of the following is one of the best practices to be followed when interviewing individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing?

A. Facing the person and not turning away while speaking to him or her 

B. Assuming that a person can hear you well if he or she is wearing a hearing aid 

C. Refraining from using gestures such as a tap on the shoulder to gain attention before speaking 

D. Refraining from conversing in a well-lit area 

The 1992 palo verde seedpod case is significant because it:

A. established the scientific basis for identifying suspects from their fingerprints on flora.

B. excluded case evidence because of police misuse of plant pathology procedures. 

C. involved the use of plant DNA in a criminal case. 

D. None of the above. 

What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?

A. providing protection for the President 

B. preventing drug importation into the country 

C. combat counterfeiting 

D. All of the above 

What is the significance of the Enderby cases?

A. Those trials were the first use of "voice prints" to convict a criminal. 

B. They questioned the scientific validity of fingerprint evidence. 

C. The precedent of using DNA in a criminal case was established. 

D. None of the above. 

Which of the following is a good characteristic of a traditional interrogation room?

A. A two-way mirror should be included. 

B. A working telephone should be included. 

C. The room should be sparsely furnished. 

D. A large, physically imposing room should be used. 

The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?

A. TheScientific Method of Criminal Inquiry 

B. Scienceand Criminals 

C. ForensicScience and Crime 

D. CriminalInvestigation 

Which of the following statements about a rogues' gallery is true?

A. It consists of photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height. 

B. Its use was abandoned because of the cost of maintaining it. 

C. It is only practical in cities with populations of 100,000 or more. 

D. All of the above. 

In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography, Finger Prints?

A. Calvin Goddard 

B. Sir Francis Galton 

C. Henry Balthazard 

D. Henri Lacassagne 

Which of the following factors influences a person's ability to give a complete account of an event or to identify people accurately?

A. The significance or insignificance of the event 

B. Lack of ideal conditions 

C. The length of the period of observation 

D. All of the answers are correct. 

What are the possible responses when a suspect is asked if they wish to talk to the police?

A. To request for an attorney 

B. To remain silent 

C. To waive their rights against self-incrimination 

D. All of the answers are correct. 

Lattes developed a procedure that:

A. established when DNA was left on an object recovered from a crime scene. 

B. allowed evidence gathered from touch DNA to be preserved for over a span of 10 years. 

C. suggested an eye iris might have characteristics for individual identification. 

D. permitted blood typing from a dried bloodstain. 

The father of criminal identification is:

A. William Herschel. 

B. Alphonse Bertillon. 

C. Hans Gross. 

D. Edward Henry. 

The London Metropolitan Police was established in 1829. At first, the British public was suspicious of, and at times even hostile toward, it because:

A. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police. 

B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family. 

C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty. 

D. King Edward II had supported its creation. 

The first modern detective force was:

A. the London Metropolitan Police. 

B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. 

C. created by Patrick Colquhoun. 

D. the Bow Street Runners. 

Which of the following is a reason for the absence of reliable detectives in America during the 1800's?

A. Police jurisdictions were limited. 

B. There was little information sharing by law enforcement agencies. 

C. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers. 

D. All of the above. 

After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of:

A. following up on initial reports of interstate crimes and locating offenders who fled to a foreign country. 

B. controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers. 

C. protecting members of Congress and the Supreme Court. 

D. locating war criminals and investigating the KKK. 

Which of the following provides a genomic-based, probabilistic estimation of the image of a person of interest?

A. Biometrics.

B. Touch DNA. 

C. DNA phenotyping. 

D. None of the above. 

Identify a true statement about touch DNA. It:

A. analysis of it is only successful in 5 percent of all cases. 

B. cannot be accumulated. 

C. does not leave a visible residue. 

D. helps determine how an object was used. 

The term ________ refers to a witness's personal qualifications for testifying in court.

A. intelligence

B. credibility

C. trustworthiness

D. competency

The Harrison Act of 1914 made the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently charged with enforcing its provisions is the ________.

A. Narcotics Bureau 

B. Federal Bureau of Investigations 

C. Drug Enforcement Administration 

D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs 

Prior to 1936, the test for the validity and admissibility of a confession or admission was its:

A. compliance with the fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine. 

B. compliance with the Miranda requirements. 

C. voluntariness.

D. compliance with the Escobedo case

Which of the following is not one of the four commonly recognized objectives in the interrogation process?

A. To obtain a confession 

B. To eliminate the innocent 

C. To identify the innocent 

D. To obtain valuable facts 

Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?

A. New York State Police 

B. Pinkerton International Detective Agency 

C. Georgia State Police 

D. Pennsylvania State Police 

Successful communication requires the efforts of all people involved in a conversation. Even when the person with hearing loss utilizes hearing aids and active listening strategies, it is crucial that others involved in the communication process consistently use good communication strategies, including the following:

• Face the hearing-impaired person directly, on the same level and in good light whenever possible. Position yourself so that the light is shining on the speaker's face, not in the eyes of the listener.
• Do not talk from another room. Not being able to see each other when talking is a common reason people have difficulty understanding what is said.
• Speak clearly, slowly, distinctly, but naturally, without shouting or exaggerating mouth movements. Shouting distorts the sound of speech and may make speech reading more difficult.
• Say the person's name before beginning a conversation. This gives the listener a chance to focus attention and reduces the chance of missing words at the beginning of the conversation.
• Avoid talking too rapidly or using sentences that are too complex. Slow down a little, pause between sentences or phrases, and wait to make sure you have been understood before going on.
• Keep your hands away from your face while talking. If you are eating, chewing, smoking, etc. while talking, your speech will be more difficult to understand. Beards and moustaches can also interfere with the ability of the hearing impaired to speech read.
• If the hearing-impaired listener hears better in one ear than the other, try to make a point of remembering which ear is better so that you will know where to position yourself.
• Be aware of possible distortion of sounds for the hearing-impaired person. They may hear your voice, but still may have difficulty understanding some words.
• Most hearing-impaired people have greater difficulty understanding speech when there is background noise. Try to minimize extraneous noise when talking.
• Some people with hearing loss are very sensitive to loud sounds. This reduced tolerance for loud sounds is not uncommon. Avoid situations where there will be loud sounds when possible.
• If the hearing-impaired person has difficulty understanding a particular phrase or word, try to find a different way of saying the same thing, rather than repeating the original words over and over.
• Acquaint the listener with the general topic of the conversation. Avoid sudden changes of topic. If the subject is changed, tell the hearing impaired person what you are talking about now. In a group setting, repeat questions or key facts before continuing with the discussion.
• If you are giving specific information – such as time, place or phone numbers – to someone who is hearing impaired, have them repeat the specifics back to you. Many numbers and words sound alike.
• Whenever possible, provide pertinent information in writing, such as directions, schedules, work assignments, etc.
• Recognize that everyone, especially the hard-of-hearing, has a harder time hearing and understanding when ill or tired.
• Pay attention to the listener. A puzzled look may indicate misunderstanding. Tactfully ask the hearing-impaired person if they understood you, or ask leading questions so you know your message got across.
• Take turns speaking and avoid interrupting other speakers.
• Enroll in aural rehabilitation classes with your hearing-impaired spouse or friend.

UCSF Health medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.

Audiology Clinic

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San Francisco, CA 94115

Active Listening Strategies

Experiencing hearing loss? These active listening strategies will enhance your communication to create a more positive environment than can hearing aids alone.