What term do social psychologists use for the process of making people in an out group responsible for the problems of people in the in group?

Scapegoating is a term that social psychologists use for the process of making people in an out-group responsible for the problems of people in the…

What term do psychologist use to describe out liking of other people?

Interpersonal attraction is traditionally defined in social psychology as a positive attitude or evaluation regarding a particular person, including the three components conventionally ascribed to attitudes: behavioral (tendency to approach the person), cognitive (positive beliefs about the person), and affective ( …

Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group? Stereotype.

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely?

The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress.

When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation they are engaging in what social psychologists call ______?

16. When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in what social psychologists call _____. Correct. When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in groupthink.

What are common results of groupthink?

• Invulnerability. Members of the group share an illusion of invulnerability that creates excessive optimism and encourages taking abnormal risks.
• Rationale. …
• Morality. …
• Stereotypes. …
• Pressure. …
• Self-censorship. …
• Illusion of Unanimity. …
• Mind Guards.

How do groups influence our Behaviour?

Individual behavior and decision making can be influenced by the presence of others. … However, the influence of groups on the individual can also generate negative behaviors. While there are many ways a group can influence behavior, we will focus on three key phenomena: groupthink, groupshift, and deindividuation.

What term describes our liking of other people?

****What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people? Appeal (intrerpersonal attraction)

What are the 7 big ideas of social psychology?

• We Construct Our Social Reality.
• Social Influences Shape Behavior.
• Personal Attitudes and Dispositions Shape Behavior.

What factors determine attraction?

Influences. Many factors influence whom people are attracted to. They include physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, and reciprocity: Physical attractiveness: Research shows that romantic attraction is primarily determined by physical attractiveness.

What hormone is most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Hormones Influence Aggression: Testosterone and Serotonin. Hormones are also important in creating aggression. Most important in this regard is the male sex hormone testosterone, which is associated with increased aggression in both animals and in humans.

What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings sensations?

Terms in this set (32) What term do psychologists use too designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts? Conciousness – Defined as personal awareness of feelings, sensation, and thought; it is your sense of morality or right and wrong.

Which of the following culture bound disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America?

One common culture-bound syndrome is ataque de nervios, which is commonly known and observed in Hispanic populations.

Is groupthink a bias?

Groupthink is a term first used by social psychologist Irving L. Janis in 1972. It refers to a cognitive bias which encourages people to desire harmony or conformity within a group. In many cases, people will set aside their own personal beliefs to adopt the opinion of the rest of the group.

What is groupthink examples?

Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for group consensus overrides people’s common sense desire to present alternatives, critique a position, or express an unpopular opinion. … Two well-known examples of Groupthink in action are the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster and the Bay of Pigs invasion.

Why is groupthink bad?

Groupthink leads to bad decisions because it encourages members of the group to ignore possible problems with the group’s decisions and discount the opinions of outsiders. … It influences decisions most when there are no clear rules for decision making.

Social loafing describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal, each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible.

Imagine that your teacher assigned you to work on a class project with a group of 10 other students.

If you were working on your own, you would have broken down the assignment into steps and started work right away. Since you are part of a group, however, the social loafing tendency makes it likely that you would put less effort into the project. Instead of assuming responsibility for certain tasks, you might just think that another group member will take care of it.

Or in some cases, the other members of your group assume that someone else will take care of their share of the work, and you end up getting stuck doing the entire assignment yourself.

One of the first experiments in social loafing was conducted by French agricultural engineer, Max Ringelmann in 1913.

He asked participants to pull on a rope both alone and in groups. He found that when people were part of a group, they made less of an effort to pull the rope than they did when working individually.

A group of researchers replicated Ringlemann's experiment in 1974, with a few small changes. The first group was consistent with Ringelmann's original study and contained small groups of participants. The second panel consisted of only one real participant; the rest were confederates who merely pretended to pull the rope.

The researchers found that the groups containing all real participants experienced the largest declines in performance, suggesting the losses were linked to motivational factors rather than group coordination problems.

A 2005 study found that group size can have a powerful impact on group performance. In the study, half of the groups consisted of four people while the other half consisted of eight. Some groups worked at a table together, while distributed groups worked on the same problem communicating only through computers.

The researchers found that people extended greater individual effort when they were in smaller groups in both the distributed and collocated situations. When placed in collocated groups, however, people felt greater pressure to look busy even when they were not, while those in the distributed groups were less likely to feel such pressure.

If you have ever worked as part of a group toward a larger goal, then you have undoubtedly experienced this psychological phenomenon firsthand. And if you’ve ever led a group, then you have likely felt frustration at the lack of effort that group members sometimes put forth. Why does this sometimes aggravating malingering happen?

Psychologists have come up with a few possible explanations.

• Motivation (or lack thereof): This can play an important role in determining whether social loafing takes place. People who are less motivated by a task are more likely to engage in social loafing when they are part of a group.
• Diffusion of responsibility: People are more likely to engage in social loafing if they feel less personally accountable for a task, and know their individual efforts have little impact on the overall outcome. This is often used to explain the bystander effect, or the tendency to be less likely to help a person in need when others are present.
• Group size: In small groups, people are more likely to feel their efforts are more important and will, therefore, contribute more. The larger the group, however, the less individual effort people will extend.
• Expectations: If you expect other people to slack off, you probably will as well since you don’t want to get stuck doing all of the work. On the other hand, if you are in a group of high-achievers who seem to be in control of everything, you might also be more likely to kick back and let them handle all the work.

Social loafing can have a serious impact on group performance and efficiency. However, there are some things that can be done to minimize the effects of social loafing.

• Assigning individual tasks and responsibilities
• Creating small groups and establishing individual accountability can help.
• Establishing clear standards and rules
• Evaluating individual and group performance
• Highlighting the achievements of individual members

Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

1. Simms A, Nichols T. Social loafing: A review of the literature. Journal of Management Policy and Practice. 2014;15(1):58-67.

2. Ingham AG, Levinger G, Graves J, Peckham V. The Ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1974;10(4):371-384. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(74)90033-X

3. Chidambaram L, Tung L. Is out of sight, out of mind? An empirical study of social loafing in technology-supported groups. Information Systems Research. 2005;16(2):149-168. doi:10.1287/isre.1050.0051