What kind of qualitative research can be best done when the researcher seeks to conceptualize?

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How‐to Resources for Conducting Qualitative Research in Medical Education

General qualitative methods

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3. Sullivan GM, Sargeant J. Qualities of Qualitative Research: Part I. J Grad Med Educ 2011;3:449–452.

4. Sargeant J. Qualitative research part II: participants, analysis, and quality assurance. J Grad Med Educ 2012;1:1–3.

5. Turgeon J. Appraising qualitative research articles in medicine and medical education. Med Teach 2005;227:71–5.

6. O'Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med 2014;89:1245–51.

7. Shenton A. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Educ Inform 2004:63–75.

8. Kahlke R. The qualitative quality conversation. Med Educ 2017;51:5–7.

9. Choo EK, Garro AC, Ranney ML, Meisel ZF, Morrow Guthrie K. Qualitative research in emergency care part I: research principles and common applications. Acad Emerg Med 2015;22:1096–102.

10. Ranney ML, Meisel ZF, Choo EK, Garro AC, Sasson C, Morrow Guthrie K. Interview‐based qualitative research in emergency care part ii: data collection, analysis and results reporting. Acad Emerg Med 2015;22:1103–12.

11. Chan TM, Ting DK, Hall AK, et al. A writer's guide to education scholarship: qualitative education scholarship (part 2). Can J Emerg Med 2017:1–9.

12. Journal of Graduate Medical Education Qualitative RipOut Series: http://www.jgme.org/page/ripouts.

Qualitative research textbooks

1. Creswell JW, Poth CN. Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2017.

2. Creswell JW. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2014.

3. Creswell JW, Plano Clark VL. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2011.

Qualitative data analysis

1. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Pyschol 2006:77–101.

2. Boyatzis RE. Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.

3. Bernard HR, Ryan GW. Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2010.

Grounded theory

1. Charmaz K. Constructing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2014.

2. Corbin J, Strauss A, Strauss AL. Basics of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2014.

3. Glaser B. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. London: Routledge, 2017.

4. Kennedy TJ, Lingard LA. Making sense of grounded theory in medical education. Med Educ 2006;40:101–8.

Phenomenology

1. Stenfors‐Hayes T, Hult H, Dahlgren MA. A phenomenographic approach to research in medical education. Med Educ 2013;47:261–70.

Ethnography

1. MacLeod A. Understanding the culture of graduate medical education: the benefits of ethnographic research. J Grad Med Educ 2016;8:142–4.

2. Reeves S, Kuper A, Hodges BD. Qualitative research methodologies: ethnography. BMJ 2008;337:a1020.

3. Ortner SB. Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power, and the Acting Subject. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.

4. Ng SL, Bisaillon L, Webster F. Blurring the boundaries: using institutional ethnography to inquire into health professions education and practice. Med Educ 2017;51:51–60.

Interviews

1. DiCicco‐Bloom B, Crabtree BF. The qualitative research interview. Med Educ 2006;40:314–21.

Focus groups

1. Barbour RS. Making sense of focus groups. Med Educ 2005;39:742–50.

Document analysis

1. Bowen GA. Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qual Res J 2009;9:27–40.