Term 1. What type of cells contain chloroplasts? | | Definition Plant cells and some algae contain chloroplasts. | |
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Term 2. What is the energy autotrophs (organisms that make their own food like plants) use to make their own food? | | Definition Autotrophs use the sunlight to make their own food. | |
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Term 3. The food making process is called ________________. | | Definition |
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Term 4. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? | | Definition The raw materials for photosyntheis are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. | |
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Term 5. What simple sugar is produced during photosynthesis? | | Definition |
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Term 6. What gas is used during photosynthesis? What gas is released during photosynthesis? | | Definition Used? Carbon Dioxide
Released? Oxygen | |
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Term 7. Where are most photsynthetic cells in plants found? | | Definition Most photosynthetic cells in plants are found in the leaves. | |
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Term 8. About how many chloroplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells? | | Definition Thousands of chlorplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells. | |
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Term 9. How many membranes surround a chloroplast? | | Definition The chloroplast is a double membrane-bound structure, so two membranes surround it. | |
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Term 10. The outer membrane of a chloroplast is ___________. | | Definition The outer membrane is smooth. | |
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Term 11. The INDIVIDUAL SACS formed by the inner membrane of chloroplasts are called ______________ and are arranged in ______________ like pancakes. | | Definition The INDIVIDUAL SACS formed by the inner membrane are called thylakoids and are arranged in stacks like pancakes. | |
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Term 12. What pigment is found inside a thylakoid? What color will it be? | | Definition The pigment found inside the thylakoid is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment. | |
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Term 13. Other pigments that trap sunlight in chloroplasts are called _________ pigments. What colors are these pigments? | | Definition Other pigments that trap sunlight are called accessory pigments. Accessory pigments are red, orange, yellow, and brown. | |
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Term 14. Stacks of thylakoids are called _________ (plural) or granum (singular). | | Definition 14. Stacks of thylakoids are called grana (plural) or granum (singular). | |
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Term 15. Stacks or grana are connected to each other by _________. | | Definition Stacks or grana are connected to each other by lamellae. | |
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Term 16. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell? | | Definition Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell, because they "burn" or break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy to do work in a cell. | |
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Term 17. What cell process occurs in mitochondria? | | Definition The cell process that occurs in mitochondria is aerobic cellular respiration. | |
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Term 18. Why do some cells have MORE mitochondria than others? Give an example. | | Definition Some cells have more mitochondria than others, because some cells are more active. A great example is a muscle cell. | |
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Term 19. What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria? | | Definition The simple sugar broken down in mitochondria is glucose. | |
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Term 20. Where does energy in glucose come from ORIGINALLY? | | Definition The energy in glucose originally comes from the sun. | |
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Term 21. Where is this energy stored in glucose? | | Definition The energy in glucose is stored in the chemical bonds. | |
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Term 22. Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process? | | Definition Cellular respiration is an aerobic process, because it requires oxygen. | |
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Term 23. What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken? | | Definition When the chemical bonds in glucose are broken, ATP is released for the cell to use. | |
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Term 24. Name two other organelles besides the mitochondria that contain DNA and have a double membrane. | | Definition Two other organelles that contain DNA and have a double membrane are chlorplasts and the nucleus. | |
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Term 25. Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria. | | Definition The outer membrane of the mitochondria is smooth. | |
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Term 26. Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? | | Definition The inner mitochondrial membrane is convoluted into folds to increase surface area. | |
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Term 27. What are the folds of a mitochondria called? | | Definition The convoluted folds are called cristae. | |
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Term 28. What does ATP stand for? | | Definition ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. | |
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Term 29. What three main things make up an ATP molecule? | | Definition Three things that make up an ATP molecule are the nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. | |
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Term 30. How many high-energy bonds are found in ATP? | | Definition ATP has two high-energy bonds. | |
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Term 31. Where are the high-energy bonds found in ATP? | | Definition The high-energy bonds are found between the phosphate groups. | |
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Term 32. What helps weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them? | | Definition Enzymes help weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them. | |
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Term 33. When ATP loses a phosphate group _________ is released for cells and ta molecule of ________ forms. | | Definition When ATP loses a phosphate group energy is released for cells and ta molecule of ADP forms. | |
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Term 34. What is the energy molecule of the cell called? | | Definition The energy molecule of the cell is called ATP. | |
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Term 35. What macromolecule made by plants is "burned" in the mitochondria. | | Definition In the mitochondria, glucose and other carbohydrates are "burned" during cellular respiration. | |
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Term 36. Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast? | | Definition Within the chloroplast, chlorophyll is found in the thylakoids. | |
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Term 37. In which part of the plant would you expect to find the most chloroplasts and why? | | Definition You would expect to find the most chloroplasts within the leaves, because photosyntheis occurs in the leaves of plants. | |
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Term 38. How would the number of mitochondria in an insect's wing compare to the amount found in the other cells in an insect's body? Explain. | | Definition The number of mitochondria found in an insect's wing would be more numerous, because the insect's primary mode of locomotion are the wings (muscle cells in the wings help it move.) | |
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Term 39. What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? | | Definition The raw materials of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. | |
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Term 40. What product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration? | | Definition The product of photosynthesis used in cellular respiration is glucose (sugar). | |
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Term 41. What is the advantage of having a folded inner membrane of the mitochondria. | | Definition A mitochondria has a folded inner membrane to increase the surface area. | |
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Term 42. What is the energy for photosynthesis? | | Definition The energy for photosynthesis is the sunlight. | |
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Term 43. Besides chlorophyll, what other pigments are found in chloroplasts? | | Definition Besides chlorophyll, red, orange, brown, and yellow accessory pigments are found in chloroplasts. | |
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