How to cite a quote within a quote MLA

An indirect citation is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. MLA Handbook 8th edition advises using the material from original sources wherever possible. This may mean that you will have to use the citation from the secondary source to find the original source. To reference an indirect quotation:

  • Include both the original author and the author of the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference with the abbreviation qtd. in. 
  • In the reference list, provide the details of the author of the work in which you found the quotation or idea.
  • You may use a note to clarify the relationship between the original and second-hand sources.


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  • The recommended heading of the reference list is: Works Cited
  • Your reference list should appear at the end of your document with the entries listed alphabetically by author. 
  • Author's names should be listed as they appear on the title page of the book. Either surname (family name) with full forenames or surname with initials. Example:

Mitchell, William John Thomas

or

Mitchell, W. J. Thomas

  • The name of the first author will be inverted to list the surname first. If there are additional authors, their names are not inverted. Example:

Bomarito, Jessica and Jeffrey W. Hunter

  • For multiple works by the same author, include the author's name in the first entry only. Then in subsequent references, in place of the author's name, type three hyphens.
  • Each reference should be formatted with a hanging indent, i.e. indent the second and following lines.
  • The media of publication does not need to be stated, except when it is needed for clarity. Refer to MLA Handbook p. 52.
  • Capitalise the first word of the title and subtitle and all other significant words. 
  • Italicise titles of independently published works, such as books, journals (i.e. the title of the whole journal), newspapers, web sites, databases, films. 
  • Enclose in quotation marks the titles of works that form part of a larger work, such as journal articles, essays, individual stories or poems, chapters of books, pages in web sites. Quotation marks are also used for titles of unpublished works, such as lectures, conference papers, dissertations and manuscripts.
  • Common terms like editor, edited by, translator, and review of should not be abbreviated.
  • For books, the city of publication is not given. Refer to the MLA Handbook p. 51 for exceptions to this element.
  • It is recommended to cite the DOI (if available) or URL for online publications. Refer to the MLA Handbook p. 48. Check with your lecturer/tutor about whether they require the inclusion of the DOI or URL.


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Reference Example
In-text

(Spacks 5)

OR

Spacks states that … (5)
Reference list

Spacks, Patricia Meyer. Privacy: Concealing the Eighteenth Century Self. U of Chicago P, 2003.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
In-text

(Moore and Belsey 45)

OR

Moore and Belsey argue that … (45)
Reference list

Moore, Jane, and Catherine Belsey. The Feminist Reader: Essays in Gender and the Politics of Literary Criticism. Macmillan, 1989.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

If there are more than two authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in place of the subsequent authors' names.

In-text

(Boyd et al. 24)

OR

According to Boyd et al. … (24)
Reference list

Boyd, Brian, et al. Evolution, Literature, and Film: A Reader. Columbia UP, 2010.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of the author name in the in-text citation. For more about shortened titles refer to the MLA Handbook p. 70.

In-text

(New York Public Library 6)

Reference list

New York Public Library American History Desk Reference. Macmillan, 1997.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

Include the shortened title in the in-text citation so that your reader knows which work you are referring to. In your list of works cited, list alphabetically by title.

In-text

(Palmer, Dickens 45)

(Palmer, Films 67)

Palmer notes that... (Dickens 45)

However, Palmer disputes this... (Films 67)

Reference list

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. St. Martin's, 1997.

---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Southern Illinois UP, 1993.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

If the organisation is the same as the publisher, do not add an author name. Only list the publisher. When citing, either write the title in the text itself or have an abbreviated form in parenthesis before the page number.

In-text

(United Nations 180)

According to the United Nations… (180)

OR

(MLA 56)

MLA Handbook notes that... (56)

Reference list

United Nations. Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in Developing Countries. Taylor and Francis, 1991.

MLA Handbook. 8th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

To cite a republished book (e.g. a paperback version of a hardcover that isn't a new edition) you may chose to give information on the original publication data before the publication information of the book you are citing.

In-text

As Butler states... (58)

OR

(Garcia Marquez 102)
Reference list

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. 1990. Routledge, 1999.

OR

Garcia Marquez. Love in the Time of Cholera. Translated by Edith Grossman, 1988. Penguin, 1989.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
In-text

(Duncan et al. 89-90)

OR

This is corroborated by Duncan et al. (89-90) ...
Reference list

Duncan, Randy, et al. The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture. 2nd ed., Cambridge UP, 2007.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
In-text

(Jackson 123-4)

OR

According to Jackson... (123-4)
Reference list

Jackson, Russell, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film, 2nd ed., Cambridge UP, 2007.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses. 

In-text

(Doyle 34)

OR

As Doyle wrote... (34)

Reference list

Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Oxford Sherlock Holmes. Edited by Owen Dudley Edwards. Vol. 8, Oxford UP, 1993.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

If you cite from different volumes of a mulitvolume work, in your in-text citation include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s).

In-text

(Sadie 3: 45)

OR

According to Sadie (3: 45)

Reference list

Sadie, Stanley, editor. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed., Grove, 2001. 29 vols.

Endnote reference type Book

Reference Example
Note

You may provide page number for online publication in-text, but it is not required. Refer to the MLA Handbook p. 123 for more on page numbers and eBooks.

In-text

(Huang and Rivlin 234)

OR

According to Huang and Rivlin (234)

Reference list

Huang, Alexa, and Elizabeth Rivlin. Shakespeare and the Ethics of Appropriation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. EBL, uql.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1839669.

Endnote reference type

Electronic Book

You will need to manually edit the output for this style in the plain text version of the document to italicise the database/website/platform the eBook version was accessed from and add URL if DOI not available (optional element).

Reference Example
Note

The way you cite a translated text will depend on what you wish to focus on - the work itself or the translation.

In-text

(Dostoevsky 200-1)

Dostoevsky writes... (200-1)

OR

(Coulson 200-1)

Coulson's translation...(200-01)

Reference list

Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Translated by Jessie Coulson, edited by George Gibian, Norton, 1964.

OR

Coulson, Jessie, translator. Crime and Punishment. By Feodor Dostoevsky, edited by George Gibian, Norton, 1964.

Endnote reference type

Book

You will need to manually edit the output for this style in the plain text version of the document to add the editor information and capitalis the T in "translated".